Optimal packings of two to four equal circles on any flat torus

DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2019.111597MaRDI QIDQ2329183zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Madeline Brandt, AnnaVictoria Ellsworth, Jennifer Kenkel, Hanson Smith, William C. Dickinson

Publication date 17 October 2019

Published in Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1708.05395

zbMATH Keywords

equal circle packingflat toruspacking graphrigidity theory

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Packing and covering in (2) dimensions (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C15) Rigidity and flexibility of structures (aspects of discrete geometry) (52C25) Circle packings and discrete conformal geometry (52C26)

Abstract: We find explicit formulas for the radii and locations of the circles in all the optimally dense packings of two, three or four equal circles on any flat torus, defined to be the quotient of the Euclidean plane by the lattice generated by two independent vectors. We prove the optimality of the arrangements using techniques from rigidity theory and topological graph theory.

Review text

A flat torus is the quotient of the Euclidean plane by a lattice generated by two independent vectors. Let \(v_1=(0, 1)\) and \(v_2=(x, y)\) with \(x^2+y^2\geq 1\), \(y>0\), and \(x\in [0, 1/2]\) and let \(k=2,3,4\). Consider an optimal packing of \(k\) equal circles on the flat torus generated by \(v_1\), \(v_2\). Using techniques from rigidity theory and topological graph theory, the authors provide an explicit formula in terms of \(x\) and \(y\) for the common radius of the circles as well as determine their optimal location.

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Cited in

(10)

• Optimal packings of 2,3, and 4 equal balls into a cubical flat 3-torus
• On packing \(\mathbb R^3\) with thin tori
• Optimal packings of up to six equal circles on a triangular flat torus
• Heating a torus with number theory
• On covering the square flat torus by congruent discs
• Densest circle packing on the flat torus
• Circle packings on complex affine tori
• Optimal packings of congruent circles on a square flat torus
• On the Optimal Conductivity of Packed Two-Dimensional Dispersed Composites
• Optimal packings of up to five equal circles on a square flat torus

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Uses Software

• nauty
• Mathematica
• Groups & Graphs
• Traces

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