Identification of an algebraic domain in two dimensions from a finite number of its generalized polarization tensors

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Publication:2332932



Abstract: This paper aims at studying how finitely many generalized polarization tensors of an algebraic domain can be used to determine its shape. Precisely, given a planar set with real algebraic boundary, it is shown that the minimal polynomial with real coefficients vanishing on the boundary can be identified as the generator of a one dimensional kernel of a matrix whose entries are obtained from a finite number of generalized polarization tensors. The size of the matrix depends polynomially on the degree of the boundary of the algebraic domain. The density with respect to Hausdorff distance of algebraic domains among all bounded domains invites to extend via approximation our reconstruction procedure beyond its natural context. Based on this, a new algorithm for shape recognition/classification is proposed with some strong hints about its efficiency.


For every bounded and open domain \(G\subset \mathbb{R}^2\), the set of \textit{generalized polarization tensors} correspond to the tensors \[ M_{\alpha,\beta}(G,\lambda) := \int_{\partial G}\left(\lambda - \mathcal{K}^*_G\right)^{-1}[\nu(x)\cdot \nabla x^{\alpha}]y^{\beta}\,d\sigma(y), \] where \(\lambda\in\mathbb{C}\), \(\mathcal{K}_G^*\) denotes the Neumann-Poincare operator and \(\nu\) denotes the outward normal to \(\partial G\). Consider on the other hand the set of polynomials of order \(d\), with domain in \(\mathbb{R}^2\), vanishing on \(\partial G\): \[ P_d(G) := \left\{p(x) = \sum_{|\alpha|\leq d} p_{\alpha}x^\alpha;\quad p(x) = 0\quad \forall x \in\partial G\right\}, \] This paper clarifies a close connection between these two sets. In particular, it is proved that given a domain \(G\) with Lipschitz boundary of degree \(d\) and belonging to the set of algebraic domains, then a suitable subset of \(P_d(G)\) can be identified with the set of real coefficients \(p_{\alpha}\), \(|\alpha|\leq d\), satisfying \[ \sum_{|\alpha|<d}M_{\beta,\alpha}(G,\lambda)p_{\alpha} = 0, \] with \(|\beta|\leq 2d\) and where \(\lambda\) belongs to a discrete subset of \(\mathbb{C}\). The proof of this result relies on a careful study of the holomorphic matrix-valued function \(\mu\rightarrow \left(\mu M_{\alpha,\beta}(G,\mu)\right)_{\alpha,\beta}\). Extensions to non-algebraic domains and the use of this result to numerically reconstruct algebraic domains from their low order polarization tensors are also discussed.



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