Structural aspects of twin and pure twin groups

DOI10.1007/S10711-019-00429-1MaRDI QIDQ2334096zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Valeriy G. Bardakov, Mahender Singh, Andrei Vesnin

Publication date 6 November 2019

Published in Geometriae Dedicata (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1811.04020

zbMATH Keywords

Coxeter grouppure twin grouptwin group

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Free products of groups, free products with amalgamation, Higman-Neumann-Neumann extensions, and generalizations (20E06) Generators, relations, and presentations of groups (20F05) Reflection and Coxeter groups (group-theoretic aspects) (20F55) 2-dimensional topology (including mapping class groups of surfaces, Teichmüller theory, curve complexes, etc.) (57K20) Topological methods in group theory (57M07)

Abstract: The twin group $T_n$ is a Coxeter group generated by $n-1$ involutions and the pure twin group $P{T}_n$ is the kernel of the natural surjection of $T_n$ onto the symmetric group on $n$ letters. In this paper, we investigate structural aspects of twin and pure twin groups. We prove that the twin group $T_n$ decomposes into a free product with amalgamation for $n>4$. It is shown that the pure twin group $P{T}_n$ is free for $n=3,4$, and not free for $nge6$. We determine a generating set for $P{T}_n$, and give an upper bound for its rank. We also construct a natural faithful representation of $T_4$ into $operatornameAut(F_7)$. In the end, we propose virtual and welded analogues of these groups and some directions for future work.

Review text

Let \(n\) be an integer \(\geq 2\). The \textit{twin group} \(T_n\) is the Coxeter group generated by the elements \(s_1, \dotsc, s_{n-1}\) with relations \(s_i^2 = 1\) for \(i = 1, \dotsc, n-1\), and \((s_i s_j)^2 = 1\) for \(|i-j| \geq 2\), and the \textit{pure twin group} \(PT_n\) is the kernel of the homomorphism from \(T_n\) to the symmetric group \(S_n\), which maps \(s_i\) to \((i,i+1)\) for \(i = 1, \dotsc, n-1\). In this paper, the authors investigate algebraic aspects of twin groups and pure twin groups. More precisely, they prove that \((i)\) the twin group \(T_n\) is a free product for \(n =3, 4\): \(T_3 \cong \mathbb{Z}_2 * \mathbb{Z}_2\) and \(T_4 \cong (\mathbb{Z}_2 \times \mathbb{Z}_2) * \mathbb{Z}_2\), and it is a free product with amalgamation for \(n > 4\): \( T_n \cong (\mathbb{Z}_2 \times T_{n-2}) *_{T_{n-3}} (\mathbb{Z}_2 \times T_{n-3})\), and \((ii)\) the pure twin group \(PT_n\) is free for \(n=3,4\): \(PT_3 \cong \mathbb{Z}\) and \(PT_4 \cong F_7\), and it is not free for \(n \geq 6\). They also find a set of generators for \(PT_n\) and give an upper bound on the rank of \(PT_n\).

Recommendations

• Some remarks on twin groups
• Commutator subgroups of twin groups and Grothendieck's cartographical groups
• Planar pure braids on six strands
• Two-generator subgroups of the pure braid group.
• Virtual braid groups, virtual twin groups and crystallographic groups

Cites work

• Anyons from three-body hard-core interactions in one dimension
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• Doodle groups
• Doodles on surfaces
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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 16119 (Why is no real title available?)
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• scientific article; zbMATH DE number 3224578 (Why is no real title available?)
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Cited in

(19)

• Automorphisms of odd Coxeter groups
• Virtual and universal braid groups, their quotients and representations
• Conjugacy classes and automorphisms of twin groups
• Alexander and Markov theorems for virtual doodles
• Commutator subgroups of twin groups and Grothendieck's cartographical groups
• Twin point groups and the polychromatic symmetry of twins.
• Some remarks on twin groups
• An Alexander-type invariant for doodles
• Planar pure braids on six strands
• Structure and automorphisms of pure virtual twin groups
• Cactus groups, twin groups, and right-angled Artin groups
• Virtual braid groups, virtual twin groups and crystallographic groups
• Congruence subgroups and crystallographic quotients of small Coxeter groups
• Commutator subgroups and crystallographic quotients of virtual extensions of symmetric groups
• Beyond braid statistics: constructing a lattice model for anyons with exchange statistics intrinsic to one dimension
• Brunnian planar braids and simplicial groups
• Insights on the homogeneous 3-local representations of the twin groups
• Flat braid groups, right-angled Artin groups and commensurability
• Quasitoric representation of generalized knots

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