Depth functions of symbolic powers of homogeneous ideals

DOI10.1007/S00222-019-00897-YMaRDI QIDQ2334540zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 7 November 2019

Published in Inventiones Mathematicae (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1907.06468

asymptotic behavior Bertini-type theorem degree complex depth integrally closed ideal local cohomology monomial ideal projective dimension symbolic power system of linear Diophantine inequalities

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Dimension theory, depth, related commutative rings (catenary, etc.) (13C15) Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05)

Abstract: This paper addresses the problem of comparing minimal free resolutions of symbolic powers of an ideal. Our investigation is focused on the behavior of the function depth R/I^(t) = dim R - pd I^(t) - 1, where I^(t) denotes the t-th symbolic power of a homogeneous ideal I in a noetherian polynomial ring R and pd denotes the projective dimension. It has been an open question whether the function depth R/I^(t) is non-increasing if I is a squarefree monomial ideal. We show that depth R/I^(t) is almost non-increasing in the sense that depth R/I^(s) ge depth R/I^(t) for all s ge 1 and t in E(s), where E(s) = cup_{i ge 1} {t in N| i(s-1)+1 le t le is} (which contains all integers t ge (s-1)^2+1). The range E(s) is the best possible since we can find squarefree monomial ideals I such that depth R/I^(s) < depth R/I^(t) for t otin E(s), which gives a negative answer to the above question. Another open question asks whether the function depth R/I^(t) is always constant for t gg 0. We are able to construct counter-examples to this question by monomial ideals. On the other hand, we show that if I is a monomial ideal such that I^(t) is integrally closed for t gg 0 (e.g. if I is a squarefree monomial ideal), then depth R/I^(t) is constant for t gg 0 with lim_{t o infty} depth R/I^(t) = dim R - dim oplus_{t ge 0} I^(t)/m I^(t). Our last result (which is the main contribution of this paper) shows that for any positive numerical function phi(t) which is periodic for t gg 0, there exist a polynomial ring R and a homogeneous ideal I such that depth R/I^(t) = phi(t) for all t ge 1. As a consequence, for any non-negative numerical function psi(t) which is periodic for t gg 0, there is a homogeneous ideal I and a number c such that pd I^(t) = psi(t) + c for all t ge 1.

Review text

Let\(R\) be a Noetherian polynomial ring over a field \(k\) and \(I\) a homogeneous ideal of \(R\). For an integer \(t\) let \(I^{(t)}\) denote the \(t\)-th symbolic power, that is the intersection of the primary components of \(I^t\) associated with the minimal primes of \(I\). The paper is devoted to an extensive study of \(\operatorname{depth} R/I^{(t)}\) in particular for a monomial ideal \(I\) and its asymptotic behavior for \(t \gg 0\). As one of the main results it is shown that \(\operatorname{depth} R/I^{(t)}\) is almost non-increasing in the sense that \(\operatorname{depth} R/I^{(s)} \geq \operatorname{depth} R/I^{(t)}\) for all \(s \geq 1\) and \(t \in E(s)\), where \(E(S)= \cup_{i \geq 1} \{t \in \mathbb{N}: i(s-1 )+1\leq t \leq is)\}\). The range \(E(s)\) is the best possible because the authors construct examples of squarefree monomial ideals \(I\) such that \(\operatorname{depth} R/I^{(s)} < \operatorname{depth} R/I^{(t)}\) for all \(t \not\in E(s)\). This gives a negative answer to the question (discussed in several papers) whether the function \( \operatorname{depth} R/I^{(t)}\) is always constant for \( t \gg 0\). This is shown to be true if \(I\) is a monomial ideal such that \(I^{(t)}\) is integrally closed for \(t \gg 0\). The main contribution of the paper is to show that for any positive numerical function \(\phi(t)\) which is periodic for \(t \gg 0\) there exist a polynomial ring \(R\) and a homogeneous ideal \(I\) such that \( \operatorname{depth} R/I^{(t)} = \psi(t)\) for all \(t \geq 1\). Among others the authors use the multigrading of monomial ideals and the symbolic fibre ring.

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