Removing isolated zeroes by homotopy

DOI10.12775/TMNA.2019.042MaRDI QIDQ2336091zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 18 November 2019

Published in Topological Methods in Nonlinear Analysis (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.01787, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.tmna/1563242564

isolated zero semialgebraic map singularities of differentiable mappings

Semialgebraic sets and related spaces (14P10) Boundary behavior of harmonic functions in higher dimensions (31B25) Boundary value problems for second-order elliptic equations (35J25) Approximation with constraints (41A29) Vector fields, frame fields in differential topology (57R25) Singularities of differentiable mappings in differential topology (57R45) Stability theory for manifolds (58K25) Singularities of vector fields, topological aspects (58K45) Deformation of singularities (58K60)

Abstract: Suppose that the inverse image of the zero vector by a continuous map

f : {m a t h b b R}^{n} o {m a t h b b R}^{q}

has an isolated point

P

. There is a local obstruction to removing this isolated zero by a small perturbation, generalizing the notion of index for vector fields, the

q = n

case. The existence of a continuous map

g

which approximates

f

but is nonvanishing near

P

is equivalent to a topological property we call "locally inessential," and for dimensions

n

,

q

where

p i_{n - 1} (S^{q - 1})

is trivial, every isolated zero is locally inessential. We consider the problem of constructing such an approximation

g

, and show that there exists a continuous homotopy from

f

to

g

through locally nonvanishing maps. If

f

is a semialgebraic map, then there exists such a homotopy which is also semialgebraic. For

q = 2

and

f

real analytic with a locally inessential isolated zero, there exists a H"older continuous homotopy

F (x, t)

which, for

(x, t) e (P, 0)

, is real analytic and nonvanishing. The existence of a smooth homotopy, given a smooth map

f

, is stated as an open question.

Review text

Suppose that the inverse image \(f^{-1}(0)\) by a continuous map \(f:\mathbb{R}^n \rightarrow\mathbb{R}^q\) has an isolated point \(P\). The existence of a continuous map \(g\) which approximates \(f\) but is nonvanishing near \(P\) is equivalent to a topological property called by the authors ``local inessentiality of zeros, generalizing in the case \(q=n\) the notion of index zero for vector fields. In this paper the authors study the problem of constructing such an approximation \(g\) and a continuous homotopy \(F(x, t)\) from \(f\) to \(g\) through locally nonvanishing maps. The paper is organized into sections as follows : notation, nonvanishing approximation, homotopy through nonvanishing maps, real analytic maps to the plane, polynomial examples. Other papers by the first author directly connected to this topic are [Beitr. Algebra Geom. 43, No. 2, 451--477 (2002; Zbl 1029.32020); Linear Algebra Appl. 370, 41--83 (2003; Zbl 1049.14042)].

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