Matrix valued classical pairs related to compact Gelfand pairs of rank one

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Abstract: We present a method to obtain infinitely many examples of pairs

(W, D)

consisting of a matrix weight

W

in one variable and a symmetric second-order differential operator

D

. The method is based on a uniform construction of matrix valued polynomials starting from compact Gelfand pairs

(G, K)

of rank one and a suitable irreducible

K

-representation. The heart of the construction is the existence of a suitable base change

P s i_{0}

. We analyze the base change and derive several properties. The most important one is that

P s i_{0}

satisfies a first-order differential equation which enables us to compute the radial part of the Casimir operator of the group

G

as soon as we have an explicit expression for

P s i_{0}

. The weight

W

is also determined by

P s i_{0}

. We provide an algorithm to calculate

P s i_{0}

explicitly. For the pair

(m a t h r m U S p (2 n), m a t h r m U S p (2 n - 2) i m e s m a t h r m U S p (2))

we have implemented the algorithm in GAP so that individual pairs

(W, D)

can be calculated explicitly. Finally we classify the Gelfand pairs

(G, K)

and the

K

-representations that yield pairs

(W, D)

of size

2 i m e s 2

and we provide explicit expressions for most of these cases.

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