A supercharacter theory for involutive algebra groups.

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2015.02.015MaRDI QIDQ2339488zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Carlos A. M. André, Pedro J. Freitas, Ana Margarida Neto

Publication date 1 April 2015

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.01512

zbMATH Keywords

algebra groups with involutionCayley transformfinite unipotent groupssupercharacterssuperclasses

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nil and nilpotent radicals, sets, ideals, associative rings (16N40) Rings with involution; Lie, Jordan and other nonassociative structures (16W10) Ordinary representations and characters (20C15) Representations of finite groups of Lie type (20C33) Representation theory for linear algebraic groups (20G05) Linear algebraic groups over finite fields (20G40)

Abstract: If $mathscrJ$ is a finite-dimensional nilpotent algebra over a finite field $Bbbk$, the algebra group $P=1+mathscrJ$ admits a (standard) supercharacter theory as defined by Diaconis and Isaacs. If $mathscrJ$ is endowed with an involution $widehatvarsigma$, then $widehatvarsigma$ naturally defines a group automorphism of $P=1+mathscrJ$, and we may consider the fixed point subgroup $C_P(widehatvarsigma)=xinP:widehatvarsigma(x)=x^{-1}$. Assuming that $Bbbk$ has odd characteristic $p$, we use the standard supercharacter theory for $P$ to construct a supercharacter theory for $C_P(widehatvarsigma)$. In particular, we obtain a supercharacter theory for the Sylow $p$-subgroups of the finite classical groups of Lie type, and thus extend in a uniform way the construction given by Andr'e and Neto for the special case of the symplectic and orthogonal groups.

Review text

Let \(U_n(q)\) denote the group of \(n\times n\) upper unitriangular matrices over the finite field \(\mathbb F_q\). Then \(U_n(q)\) is a maximal unipotent subgroup of \(GL_n(q)\). The full description of irreducible characters of \(U_n(q)\) is a wild problem. Therefore, a new theory has been developed by \textit{C. A. M. André} [J. Algebra 175, No. 1, 287-319 (1995; Zbl 0835.20052); Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 130, No. 7, 1943-1954 (2002; Zbl 1005.20034)] and \textit{N. Yan} [``Representations of finite unipotent linear groups by the method of clusters, (2010), \url{arXiv:1004.2674v1}]. Their basic idea was to define a set of (not necessarily irreducible) characters of \(U_n(q)\), which can be effectively computed, but which still proved to be useful in practice. The ideas of André and Yan was later generalized by \textit{P. Diaconis} and \textit{I. M. Isaacs} [Trans. Am. Math. Soc. 360, No. 5, 2359-2392 (2008; Zbl 1137.20008)] for algebra groups, i.e. for groups of the form \(P=1+J\), where \(J\) is a finite nilpotent associative algebra over \(\mathbb F_q\). In fact, they introduced the concept of supercharacter theory for an arbitrary finite group, and they defined a special type of supercharacter theory for algebra groups, which agreed with the construction of André and Yan for \(U_n(q)\). The aim of the paper under review is to define a supercharacter theory for another important class of finite groups, namely, for subgroups of algebra groups defined as \(C_P(\sigma)=\{x\in P\mid\sigma(x)=x^{-1}\}\), where \(P\) is any algebra group and \(\sigma\) is any involution on \(P\). As special cases, they get a supercharacter theory for the maximal unipotent subgroups of all the classical groups of Lie type over finite fields. In particular, applying this method for the maximal unipotent subgroups of the symplectic and orthogonal groups, one can reconstruct the supercharacter theory of these groups given by \textit{C. A. M. André} and \textit{A. M. Neto} [J. Algebra 305, No. 1, 394-429 (2006; Zbl 1104.20041); Pac. J. Math. 239, No. 2, 201-230 (2009; Zbl 1172.20006); J. Algebra 322, No. 4, 1273-1294 (2009; Zbl 1176.20006)]. Note that recently a similar construction was given by \textit{A. Scott} [J. Algebra 425, 1-30 (2015; Zbl 1326.20012)] for unipotent subgroups of the finite orthogonal, symplectic and unitary groups.

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Cited in

(30)

• Supercharacters of the Sylow p-subgroups of the finite symplectic and orthogonal groups.
• Orbit method for \(p\)-Sylow subgroups of finite classical groups
• Supercharacter theories for Sylow \(p\)-subgroups of the Ree groups
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• Supercharacter theories of type \(A\) unipotent radicals and unipotent polytopes
• Supercharacter theories of type A unipotent radicals and unipotent polytopes
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• Shintani descent for standard supercharacters of algebra groups
• A Schur ring approach to supercharacters of groups associated with finite radical rings
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