On the theory of relaxation in nonlinear elasticity with constraints on the determinant

Abstract: We consider vectorial variational problems in nonlinear elasticity of the form

I [u] = i n t W (D u) d x

, where

W

is continuous on matrices with positive determinant and diverges to infinity long sequences of matrices whose determinant is positive and tends to zero. We show that, under suitable growth assumptions, the functional

i n t W^{q c} (D u) d x

is an upper bound on the relaxation of

I

, and coincides with the relaxation if the quasiconvex envelope

W^{q c}

of

W

is polyconvex and has

p

-growth from below with

p g e n

. This includes several physically relevant examples. We also show how a constraint of incompressibility can be incorporated in our results.

Review text

The authors deal with the vectorial variational problems for a functional \[ I:W^{1,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^m)\to \mathbb{R},\;I[u]=\int_\Omega W(Du)\,dx,\;W\in C^0(\mathbb{R}_+^{n\times n};[0,\infty)). \] The relaxation of \(I\) is given by \(I^*[u]=\int_\Omega W^{\text{qc}}(Du)\,dx\;\), where \( W^{\text{qc}}\) is the quasiconvex envelope of \(W\). It is continuous on matrices with a positive determinant and diverges to infinity along sequences of matrices whose determinant is positive and tends to zero. The main result is that under suitable growth assumptions for any \(u\in W^{1,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^m)\) there is a sequence \((u_j)_{j\in \mathbb{N}}\subset W^{1,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^m)\) with \(u_j-u\in W_0^{1,p}(\Omega;\mathbb{R}^m)\) for all \(j\in \mathbb{N}\) which tends weakly to \(u\) and is such that \[ \limsup_{j\to \infty}\int_\Omega W(Du_j)\,dx\leq \int_\Omega W^{\text{qc}}(Du)\,dx. \] A full relaxation is received if \(W^{\text{qc}}\) is polyconvex.

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