Canonical traces and directly finite Leavitt path algebras.

DOI10.1007/S10468-014-9513-8MaRDI QIDQ2355233zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 21 July 2015

Published in Algebras and Representation Theory (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.04219

Cohn-Leavitt path algebras directly finite Leavitt path algebras faithful traces gauge invariants graph traces involutions positive traces

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Structure and classification for modules, bimodules and ideals (except as in 16Gxx), direct sum decomposition and cancellation in associative algebras) (16D70) Representations of quivers and partially ordered sets (16G20) Leavitt path algebras (16S88) Rings with involution; Lie, Jordan and other nonassociative structures (16W10) General theory of (C^*)-algebras (46L05)

Abstract: Motivated by the study of traces on graph

C^{*}

-algebras, we consider traces (additive, central maps) on Leavitt path algebras, the algebraic counterparts of graph

C^{*}

-algebras. In particular, we consider traces which vanish on nonzero graded components of a Leavitt path algebra and refer to them as {em canonical} since they are uniquely determined by their values on the vertices. A desirable property of a

m a t h b b C

-valued trace on a

C^{*}

-algebra is that the trace of an element of the positive cone is nonnegative. We adapt this property to traces on a Leavitt path algebra

L_{K} (E)

with values in any involutive ring. We refer to traces with this property as positive. If a positive trace is injective on positive elements, we say that it is faithful. We characterize when a canonical,

K

-linear trace is positive and when it is faithful in terms of its values on the vertices. As a consequence, we obtain a bijective correspondence between the set of faithful, gauge invariant,

m a t h b b C

-valued (algebra) traces on

L_{m a t h b b C} (E)

of a countable graph

E

and the set of faithful, semifinite, lower semicontinuous, gauge invariant (operator theory) traces on the corresponding graph

C^{*}

-algebra

C^{*} (E)

. With the direct finite condition (i.e

x y = 1

implies

y x = 1

) for unital rings adapted to rings with local units, we characterize directly finite Leavitt path algebras as exactly those having the underlying graphs in which no cycle has an exit. Our proof involves consideration of "local" Cohn-Leavitt subalgebras of finite subgraphs. Lastly, we show that, while related, the class of locally noetherian, the class of directly finite, and the class of Leavitt path algebras which admit a faithful trace are different in general.

Review text

A map \(f\colon R\to T\) between two rings \(R\) and \(T\) is said to be a \(T\)-valued trace on \(R\) if it is additive and central (that is, \(t(xy)=t(yx)\) for any \(x,y\in R\)). If \(R\) and \(T\) are \(C\)-algebras (for some commutative ring \(C\)), then the trace \(t\) is said to be \(C\)-linear if \(t(cx)=ct(x)\) for any \(c\in C\) and \(x\in R\). If \(R\) is a ring with involution * (a *-ring in the sequel), then an element in \(R\) is said to be positive if it is a sum of elements of the form \(xx^*\). The notation \(a>0\) is used to indicate that \(a\in R\) is positive and nonzero while \(a\geq 0\) will mean that \(a\) is positive. The notation \(a\geq b\) will mean \(a-b\geq 0\). Now, if \(R\) and \(T\) are *-rings and \(t\colon R\to R\) we will say that \(t\) is positive if \(t(x)\geq 0\) for all \(x\in R\) with \(x\geq 0\). It will be said that \(t\) is faithful if \(t(x)>0\) for any \(x\in R\), \(x>0\). An involution * on \(R\) is positive definite if for all \(x_1,\ldots,x_n\in R\), the condition \(\sum_1^nx_ix_i^*=0\) implies \(x_i=0\) for each \(i\). The involution is said to be proper if the above condition holds for \(n=1\). A *-ring with a positive definite (respectively proper) involution is called positive definite (resp. proper) ring. If we denote by \(\rho\colon K^\times\to L_K(E)\) the gauge action of the Leavitt path algebra \(L_K(E)\), then a trace \(t\) on \(L_K(E)\) is said to be gauge invariant if for any \(k\in K^\times\) one has \(t\circ\rho(k)=t\). This is equivalent to the equality \(t(pq^*)=k^{|p|-|q|}t(pq^*)\), for any \(k\in K^\times\) and \(p,q\in\text{path}(E)\). The trace is defined to be canonical when \(t(pq^*)=\delta_{|p|,|q|}t(pq^*)=\delta_{p,q}t(pq^*)=\delta_{p,q}t(r(p))\). The work characterizes when a canonical \(K\)-linear trace is positive and when it is faithful in terms of its values on the vertices. Consequently, a bijective correspondence is obtained between the set of faithful, gauge invariant, \(\mathbb C\)-valued algebra traces on the Leavitt path algebra \(L_{\mathbb C}(E)\) of a countable graph \(E\), and the set of faithful, semifinite, lower semicontinuous, gauge invariant (operator theory) traces on the graph \(C^*\)-algebra \(C^*(E)\). Under some conditions, the work also characterizes directly finite Leavitt path algebras as those having the underlying graph in which no cycle has an exit. The author also proves that the class of locally Noetherian, that of directly finite, and that of Leavitt path algebras which admit a faithful trace are different in general.

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