Gabor orthonormal bases generated by the unit cubes

Convolution, factorization for one variable harmonic analysis (42A85) Fourier series and coefficients in several variables (42B05) General harmonic expansions, frames (42C15)

Abstract: We consider the problem in determining the countable sets

L a m b d a

in the time-frequency plane such that the Gabor system generated by the time-frequency shifts of the window

c h i_{[0, 1]^{d}}

associated with

L a m b d a

forms a Gabor orthonormal basis for

L^{2} ({B b b R}^{d})

. We show that, if this is the case, the translates by elements

L a m b d a

of the unit cube in

{B b b R}^{2 d}

must tile the time-frequency space

{B b b R}^{2 d}

. By studying the possible structure of such tiling sets, we completely classify all such admissible sets

L a m b d a

of time-frequency shifts when

d = 1, 2

. Moreover, an inductive procedure for constructing such sets

L a m b d a

in dimension

d g e 3

is also given. An interesting and surprising consequence of our results is the existence, for

d g e q 2

, of discrete sets

L a m b d a

with

m a t h c a l G (c h i_{[0, 1]^{d}}, L a m b d a)

forming a Gabor orthonormal basis but with the associated "time"-translates of the window

c h i_{[0, 1]^{d}}

having significant overlaps.

Review text

The authors study the relationship between Gabor orthonormal bases and tilings in the time-frequency space, which is an extension of spectral-tile duality in [\textit{J. C. Lagarias} et al., Duke Math. J. 103, No. 1, 25--37 (2000; Zbl 0978.42007)] to Gabor analysis. Infact, the authors generalize the notion of orthonormal packing region to Gabor systems and as a deduction gives a characterization for \((G(\chi_{[0,1]^d}), \Lambda)\) to be a Gabor orthonormal basis with the translates of \([0,1]^{2d}\) by the elements of \(\Lambda\) tile \(\mathbb{R}^{2d}\). This characterization works for the one-dimensional case. Further, an intuitive procedure to construct Gabor orthonormal bases with window \(\chi_{[0,1]^d}\) from Gabor orthonormal bases with window \(\chi_{[0,1]^n}\), \(n<d\), is given, which can be used to produce non-standard Gabor orthonormal bases. The authors also provide a complete characterization of discrete sets \(\Lambda\subset\mathbb{R}^4\) such that \((G(\chi_{[0,1]^2}), \Lambda)\) forms a Gabor orthonormal basis for \(L^2(\mathbb{R}^2)\).

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