On the classification of 4-dimensional (m, )-quasi-Einstein manifolds with harmonic Weyl curvature

Methods of global Riemannian geometry, including PDE methods; curvature restrictions (53C21) Special Riemannian manifolds (Einstein, Sasakian, etc.) (53C25)

Abstract: In this paper we study 4-dimensional

(m, h o)

-quasi-Einstein manifolds with harmonic Weyl curvature when

m o t i n 0, p m 1, - 2, p m i n f t y

and

h o o t i n f r a c 14, f r a c 16

. We prove that a non-trivial

(m, h o)

-quasi-Einstein metric

g

(not necessarily complete) is locally isometric to one of the followings: (i)

m a t h c a l B_{f}^{2} r a c R 2 (m + 2) i m e s m a t h b b N_{f}^{2} r a c R (m + 1) 2 (m + 2)

where

m a t h c a l B_{f}^{2} r a c R 2 (m + 2)

is a northern hemisphere in the 2-dimensional sphere

m a t h b b S_{f}^{2} r a c R 2 (m + 2)

,

m a t h b b N_{d} e l t a

is the 2-dimensional Riemannian manifold with constant curvature

d e l t a

and

R

is the constant scalar curvature of

g

, (ii)

m a t h c a l D_{f}^{2} r a c R 2 (m + 2) i m e s m a t h b b N_{f}^{2} r a c R (m + 1) 2 (m + 2)

where

m a t h c a l D_{f}^{2} r a c R 2 (m + 2)

is one half (cut by a hyperbolic line) of the hyperbolic plane

m a t h b b H_{f}^{2} r a c R 2 (m + 2)

, (iii)

m a t h b b H_{f}^{2} r a c R 2 (m + 2) i m e s m a t h b b N_{f}^{2} r a c R (m + 1) 2 (m + 2)

, (iv) a certain singular metric with

h o = 0

, (vi) a locally conformally flat metric. By applying this local classification, we obtain a classification of complete

(m, h o)

-quasi-Einstein manifolds under the harmonic Weyl curvature condition. Our result can be viewed as a local classification of gradient Einstein-type manifolds. One corollary of our result is the classification of

(l a m b d a, 4 + m)

-Einstein manifolds which can be viewed as

(m, 0)

-quasi-Einstein manifolds.

Review text

A generalized quasi-Einstein manifold [\textit{G. Catino}, Math. Z. 271, No. 3--4, 751--756 (2012; Zbl 1246.53040)] is a Riemannian manifold \((M^n, g)\) such that there are smooth functions \(f, \mu, \lambda\) on \((M^n, g)\) satisfying \[ \mathrm{Ric} + \nabla df - \mu df \otimes df = \lambda g. \] The author in the paper under review considers a subclass of generalized quasi-Einstein manifolds, the \((m, \rho)\) quasi-Einstein manifolds. A \((m, \rho)\) quasi-Einstein manifold is a Riemannian manifold \((M^n, g)\) such that there is a smooth function \(f\) on \((M^n, g)\) and real constants \(m, \rho, \lambda\) with \(m \notin \{0, \pm \infty\}\) satisfying \[ \mathrm{Ric} + \nabla df - \frac{1}{m} df \otimes df = (\rho R + \lambda) g \] where \(\mathrm{Ric}\) and \(R\) denote the Ricci curvature and the scalar curvature of \((M^n, g)\), respectively. The main result of the paper consists of a local classification result for four-dimensional \((m, \rho)\) quasi-Einstein manifolds. Namely, assuming the harmonic Weyl curvature condition, the Einstein metric reduces locally to other familiar classes of metrics. Another classification result for the case of compact \((m, \rho)\) quasi-Einstein manifolds, assuming the flatness of the Bach tensor, is contained in [\textit{G. Huang} and \textit{Y. Wei}, Ann. Global Anal. Geom. 44, No. 3, 269--282 (2013; Zbl 1285.53028)]. Briefly, the main result of the paper under review states: Given a four-dimensional \((m, \rho)\) quasi-Einstein manifold \(M\) with quasi-Einstein metric \(g\) with harmonic Weyl curvature and \(m \notin \{\pm 1, -2\}\) as well as \(\rho \notin \left\{\frac{1}{4}, \frac{1}{6}\right\}\) then \(g\) is locally isometric to one of the following: {\parindent=0.7cm\begin{itemize}\item[(i)] \(\mathcal{B}_{\frac{R}{2(m+2)}}^2 \times \mathbb{N}_{\frac{R(m+1)}{2(m+2)}}^2\), where \(\mathcal{B}_{\frac{R}{2(m+2)}}^2\) is the northern hemisphere in the two-dimensional \((2D)\) sphere \(\mathcal{S}_{\frac{R}{2(m+2)}}^2\), \(\mathbb{N}_{\delta}\) is a \(2D\) Riemannian manifold with constant curvature \(\delta\), and \(R\) is the constant scalar curvature of \(g\). \item[(ii)] \(\mathcal{D}_{\frac{R}{2(m+2)}}^2 \times \mathbb{N}_{\frac{R(m+1)}{2(m+2)}}^2\) where \(\mathcal{D}_{\frac{R}{2(m+2)}}^2\) is half (cut by a hyperbolic line) of the hyperbolic plane \(\mathbb{H}_{\frac{R}{2(m+2)}}^2\). \item[(iii)] \(\mathbb{H}_{\frac{R}{2(m+2)}}^2 \times \mathbb{N}_{\frac{R(m+1)}{2(m+2)}}^2\). \item[(iv)] A certain singular metric with \(\rho = 0\). \item[(v)] A locally conformal flat metric. \end{itemize}}

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