Counting coloured planar maps: differential equations

DOI10.1007/S00220-017-2906-XzbMATH Open1367.05045arXiv1507.02391OpenAlexW2964179293MaRDI QIDQ2364576FDOQ2364576

Authors: Olivier Bernardi, Mireille Bousquet-Mélou 

Publication date: 21 July 2017

Published in: Communications in Mathematical Physics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Abstract: We address the enumeration of q-coloured planar maps counted bythe number of edges and the number of monochromatic edges. We prove that the associated generating function is differentially algebraic,that is, satisfies a non-trivial polynomial differential equation withrespect to the edge variable. We give explicitly a differential systemthat characterizes this series. We then prove a similar result for planar triangulations, thus generalizing a result of Tutte dealing with their proper q-colourings. Instatistical physics terms, we solvethe q-state Potts model on random planar lattices. This work follows a first paper by the same authors, where the generating functionwas proved to be algebraic for certain values of q,including q=1, 2 and 3. It isknown to be transcendental in general. In contrast, our differential system holds for an indeterminate q.For certain special cases of combinatorial interest (four colours; properq-colourings; maps equipped with a spanning forest), we derive from this system, in the case of triangulations, an explicit differential equation of order 2 defining the generating function. For general planar maps, we also obtain a differential equation of order 3 for the four-colour case and for the self-dual Potts model.

Full work available at URL: https://arxiv.org/abs/1507.02391

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zbMATH Keywords

\(q\)-state Potts model on random planar latticesenumeration of \(q\)-coloured planar maps

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Coloring of graphs and hypergraphs (05C15) Enumeration in graph theory (05C30)

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• Multiple scaling limits of \(\mathrm{U} (N)^2 \times \mathrm{O} (D)\) multi-matrix models
• Enumeration of rooted 3-connected bipartite planar maps
• Counting colored random triangulations
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Uses Software

• ROTA

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