Left zero covering homomorphisms of laminated nearrings

Automorphisms and endomorphisms (16W20) Near-rings (16Y30) Semigroups of transformations, relations, partitions, etc. (20M20) Transformation groups and semigroups (topological aspects) (54H15)

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A homomorphism \(\phi:N\to N'\) with right nearrings \(N\), \(N'\) is called ``left zero covering if every left zero of \(N'\) is in the image of \(\phi\). Let \(N:=(N(R^2),+,\circ)\) be the right nearring of continuous selfmaps of the real plane, where ``\(\circ\) denotes composition of functions. A complex polynomial \(\alpha\) can be viewed as an element of \(N\) by identifying \(R^2\) with the complex numbers. Define a new multiplication on \(N\) by putting \(fg:= f\circ\alpha\circ g\), to obtain the laminated nearring \(N_\alpha\). Let \(\alpha\), \(\beta\) be complex polynomials. The authors study in detail left zero covering homomorphisms \(N_\alpha\to N_\beta\). E.g., such a homomorphism -- if it exists -- is always injective. If \(\alpha\) has prime degree and \(\beta\) does not have degrees 1, 2, 4, then it is even bijective. The main result is an easy to handle criterion when \(N_\alpha\) and \(N_\beta\) are isomorphic, involving solely the coefficients of \(\alpha\) and \(\beta\). The criterion is applied to determine all isomorphism classes of \(N_\alpha\)'s for \(\text{Deg}(\alpha)\leq 3\).

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