On the number of primitive representations of integers as sums of squares

DOI10.1007/S11139-006-0240-6MaRDI QIDQ2369900zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Shaun Cooper, Michael D. Hirschhorn

Publication date 21 June 2007

Published in The Ramanujan Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1007/s11139-006-0240-6

zbMATH Keywords

Divisor sumGenerating functionMöbius inversionSum of squares

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Exact enumeration problems, generating functions (05A15) Sums of squares and representations by other particular quadratic forms (11E25) Elliptic functions and integrals (33E05)

Review text

For \(k,n\in \mathbb Z^+\) denote by \(r_k(n)\) the number of representations of \(n\) at a sum of \(k\) squares, and by \(r_k^p(n)\) the number of primitive representations. (The latter are those in which the \(k\) squares have gcd\,1.) The authors present very nice formulas for \(r_k^p(n)\), for all \(N\in\mathbb Z^+\), when \(2\leq k\leq 8\). For \(9\leq k\leq 12\), they derive formulas for \(r^p_k(n)\) under suitable congruence restrictions on \(n\). For even \(k\) the proof depends upon identities for the \(k\)th power of Jacobi's theta function \(\varphi(q) = \sum^\infty_{-\infty}q^{n^2}\), \(|q|<1\), due to Jacobi \((k=2,4,6,8)\) and Glaisher \((k=10,12)\). For odd \(k\) the relevant identities for \(\varphi^k\) have been proved by Hirschhorn and Sellers \((k=3)\) and Cooper \((k=5,7,9,11)\). The proof proceeds by invoking these identities and applying a relationship between \(r^p_k(n)\) and \(r_k(n)\) obtained from the identity \(r_k(n)=\sum_{d^2|n}r^p_k (n/d^2)\) and Möbius inversion. (See display (1,8), p. 8, of the article for the explicit representation of \(r^p_k(n)\) in terms of \(r_k(n)\).)

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Cited in

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