Divisibility of countable metric spaces
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Publication:2372435
Abstract: Prompted by a recent question of G. Hjorth as to whether a bounded Urysohn space is indivisible, that is to say has the property that any partition into finitely many pieces has one piece which contains an isometric copy of the space, we answer this question and more generally investigate partitions of countable metric spaces. We show that an indivisible metric space must be totally Cantor disconnected, which implies in particular that every Urysohn space U_V with V bounded or not but dense in some initial segment of R+, is divisible. On the other hand we also show that one can remove "large" pieces from a bounded Urysohn space with the remainder still inducing a copy of this space, providing a certain "measure" of the indivisibility. Associated with every totally Cantor disconnected space is an ultrametric space, and we go on to characterize the countable ultrametric spaces which are homogeneous and indivisible.
A metric space \(X\) is \textit{divisible} if there exists a partition into two subspaces, none of which contains an isometric copy of \(X\). A space is \textit{indivisible} if it is not divisible. Divisibility and indivisibility of countably infinite metric spaces are studied. Those properties are considered in a more general framework by using relational structures. Among other things, it is proved that every indivisible metric space must be bounded and totally Cantor disconnected. In particular, it is shown that the bounded Urysohn space \(\mathbb{U}_{\mathbb{Q}_+, \leq 1}\) is divisible, which answers Hjorth's question whether a bounded Urysohn space is indivisible or not.
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