Generic formulas for the values at the singular points of some special monic classical H_q, -orthogonal polynomials

\(D_{\omega}\)-orthogonal polynomials \(q\)-Hahn tableau \(q\)-orthogonal polynomials classical orthogonal polynomials differential and difference equations of hypergeometric type structure relations

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45) Other functions coming from differential, difference and integral equations (33E30) Orthogonal functions and polynomials, general theory of nontrigonometric harmonic analysis (42C05)

Review text

The author extends a result by \textit{W. Koepf, M. Masped-Jamei} [J. Comput. Appl. Math. 191, 98--105 (2006; Zbl 1091.33008)] on a generic formula for the classical orthogonal polynomials at the singular points of their hypergeometric differential equation in terms of the coefficients in this differential equation. The main results are \vskip0.2cm \textbf{A.} Let \(D_q\) be the Jackson \(q\)-difference operator \[ D_qf(x)={f(qx)-f(x)\over (q-1)x},\;q\not= 0,\pm 1, \] and consider the second order linear difference equation characterizing the classical \(q\)-orthogonal polynomials in the form \[ \sigma(x)D_qD_{1/q}P_n(x)+\tau(x)D_qP_n(x)-\lambda_nP_n(x)=0. \] Then, under the assumption that \(1\leq\text{deg}\,\sigma\leq 2,\;\text{deg}\,\tau=1\), the monic \(q\)-orthogonal polynomial of degree \(n\) satisfies \[ P_n(z)=q^{n(n-1)/2}\,\prod_{k=0}^{n-1}{\phi'(((1+q^k)/2)z)[k]_q+\tau(z)\over [n+k]_q{1\over 2}\phi +\tau'},\;z\in\{z\in\text{C}:\sigma(z)=0\}, \] for all \(n=1,2,3,\ldots;\;\phi(x)=\sigma(x)-(1-q)\tau(x)\). Here \([0]_q:=0,\;[\nu]_q:=1+q+\cdots+q^{\nu -1}=(q^{\nu}-1)/(q-1)\). \vskip0.2cm \textbf{B.} In the case of the \(D_{\omega}\)-difference operator \[ D_{\omega}f(x):={f(x+\omega)-f(x)\over \omega},\;\omega\not=0, \] one gets the second order linear difference equation \[ \sigma(x)D_{\omega}D_{-\omega}P_n(x)+\tau(x)D_{\omega}P_n(x)-\lambda_nP_n(x)=0, \] and when \(1\leq\text{deg}\,\sigma\leq 2,\;\text{deg}\,\tau=1\), we have \[ P_n(z)=\prod_{k=0}^{n-1}\,{\sigma'(z+{1\over 2}\omega k)k+\tau(z+\omega k) \over (n-1+k){1\over 2}\sigma+\tau'},\;z\in\{z\in\text{C}:\sigma(z)=0\}, \] for all \(n=1,2,3,\ldots\) \vskip0.2cm The proofs use the three term recurrence relation for the orthogonal polynomials.

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