Singularities on demi-normal varieties

DOI10.1007/S11565-016-0251-1MaRDI QIDQ2374333zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 15 December 2016

Published in Annali dell'Università di Ferrara. Sezione VII. Scienze Matematiche (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1506.02002

demi-normal varieties singularities of the minimal model program

Singularities in algebraic geometry (14B05) Minimal model program (Mori theory, extremal rays) (14E30) Singularities of surfaces or higher-dimensional varieties (14J17)

Abstract: The birational classification of varieties inevitably leads to the study of singularities. The types of singularities that occur in this context have been studied by Mori, Koll'ar, Reid, and others, beginning in the 1980s with the introduction of the minimal model program. Normal singularities that are terminal, canonical, log terminal, and log canonical, and their non-normal counterparts, are typically studied using a resolution of singularities (or a semiresolution) and finding numerical conditions that relate the canonical class of the variety to that of its resolution. In order to do this, it has been assumed that a variety

X

has a

m a t h b b Q

-Cartier canonical class: some multiple

m K_{X}

of the canonical class is Cartier. In particular, this divisor can be pulled back under a resolution

f : Y i g h t a r r o w X

by pulling back its local sections. Then one has a relation

K_{Y} s i m f r a c 1 m f^{*} (m K_{X}) + s u m a_{i} E_{i}

. It is then the coefficients of the exceptional divisors

E_{i}

that determine the type of singularities that belong to

X

. It might be asked whether this

m a t h b b Q

-Cartier hypothesis is necessary in studying singularities in birational classification. In cite{dFH09}, de Fernex and Hacon construct a boundary divisor

D e l t a

for arbitrary normal varieties, the resulting divisor

K_{X} + D e l t a

being

m a t h b b Q

-Cartier even though

K_{X}

itself is not. This they call (for reasons that will be made clear) an

m

-compatible boundary for

X

, and they proceed to show that the singularities defined in terms of the pair

(X, D e l t a)

are none other than the singularities just described, when

K_{X}

happens to be

m a t h b b Q

-Cartier. In the present paper, we extend the results of cite{dFH09} still further, to include demi-normal varieties without a

m a t h b b Q

-Cartier canonical class.

Review text

Let \(X\) be a normal variety such that \(K_X\) is \(\mathbb Q\)-Cartier, then \(mK_X\) is Cartier for any \(m>0\) sufficiently divisible. For any resolution \(f:Y\to X\), we let \(f^* K_X =\frac 1 m f^*(mK_X)\). We may choose canonical divisors \(K_X\) and \(K_Y\) such that \(f_*K_Y=K_X\) and write \(K_Y=f^*K_X+\sum a_i E_i\). The singularities of the minimal model program are determined by the discrepancies \(a_i\). For example, we say that \(X\) is log canonical if \(a_i\geq -1\) for any \(E_i\) and any \(f:Y\to X\). In [Compos. Math. 145, No. 2, 393--414 (2009; Zbl 1179.14003)], \textit{T. de Fernex} and \textit{C. D. Hacon} generalized the definition of singularities of the minimal model program to the case when \(K_X\) is not \(\mathbb Q\)-Cartier. The key result is to show the existence of \textit{\(m\)-compatible boundaries} \(\Delta\) for which \(K_X+\Delta \) is \(\mathbb Q\)-Cartier measuring the singularities of \(K_X\). In the paper under review, the author extends the main result of [loc. cit.] to the case of demi-normal varieties. Recall that demi-normal varieties are semi-normal varieties which are \(S_2\) and Gorenstein in codimension \(1\).

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