On Gorenstein sequences of socle degrees 4 and 5

Let \(I \subset R= k[x_1, x_2, \dots, x_n]\) be a homogeneous Gorenstein ideal of height \(n\) so that \(A=R/I\) is Artinian. The Hilbert function of \(A\), also called the \(h\)-vector of \(A\), is given by \(h(A) = (1, h_1, h_2 \dots, h_t=1)\) where \(h_i= \dim_kA_i\) and \(h_i=0\) for all \(i>t\). \(h_1\) is the codimension of \(A\) and \(t\) the socle degree of \(A\) . In the paper, the authors find an infinite class of symmetric \(h\)-vectors that cannot be \(h\)-vectors of Gorenstein algebras (Theorem 2.8). In particular, they show that if the socle degree of \(A\) is \(4\), then the smallest unknown \(h\)-vector \((1, 11, 10, 11, 1)\) is not a Gorenstein sequence. Building on the results of \textit{J. Migliore} et al. [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 136, No. 8, 2755--2762 (2008; Zbl 1148.13011)] and \textit{M. Boij} and \textit{F. Zanello} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 214, No. 7, 1263--1270 (2010; Zbl 1197.13018)], they obtain a classification of the \(h\)-vectors of the form \(h=(1, r+1, r, r+1, 1)\) for \(r \leq 10\) (Corollary 2.11). In Section 3, they use their main result to prove that every Gorenstein \(h\)-vector of socle degree \(5\) and codimension \(15\) is unimodal. This extends the result of M. Boij and F. Zanello from codimension \(14\) to codimension \(15\). Their proofs rely on the Cancellation Principle of \textit{I. Peeva} [Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 132, No. 12, 3503--3507 (2004; Zbl 1099.13505)] and on Green's hyperplane restriction theorem [\textit{M. Green}, Lect. Notes Math. 1389, 76--86 (1989; Zbl 0717.14002)]. Moreover, the authors list two interesting cases that remain unknown: \((1, 12, 11, 12, 1)\) in socle degree \(4\) and \((1, 17, 15, 15, 17, 1)\) in socle degree \(5\).

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