Commuting involutions and degenerations of isotropy representations

Abstract: Let

s i g m a_{1}

and

s i g m a_{2}

be commuting involutions of a semisimple algebraic group

G

. This yields a

Z_{2} i m e s Z_{2}

-grading of

g = L i e (G)

,

, and we study invariant-theoretic aspects of this decomposition. Let

g < s i g m a_{1} >

be the

Z_{2}

-contraction of

g

determined by

s i g m a_{1}

. Then both

s i g m a_{2}

and

s i g m a_{3} := s i g m a_{1} s i g m a_{2}

remain involutions of the non-reductive Lie algebra

g < s i g m a_{1} >

. The isotropy representations related to

(g < s i g m a_{1} >, s i g m a_{2})

and

(g < s i g m a_{1} >, s i g m a_{3})

are degenerations of the isotropy representations related to

(g, s i g m a_{2})

and

(g, s i g m a_{3})

, respectively. We show that these degenerated isotropy representations retain many good properties. For instance, they always have a generic stabiliser and their algebras of invariants are often polynomial. We also develop some theory on Cartan subspaces for various

Z_{2}

-gradings associated with the

Z_{2} i m e s Z_{2}

-grading of

g

.

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