Stability of an [N/2]-dimensional invariant torus in the Kuramoto model at small coupling

Abstract: When the natural frequencies are allocated symmetrically in the Kuramoto model there exists an invariant torus of dimension [N/2]+1 (N is the population size). A global phase shift invariance allows to reduce the model to

N - 1

dimensions using the phase differences, and doing so the invariant torus becomes [N/2]-dimensional. By means of perturbative calculations based on the renormalization group technique, we show that this torus is asymptotically stable at small coupling if N is odd. If N is even the torus can be stable or unstable depending on the natural frequencies, and both possibilities persist in the small coupling limit.

Review text

Results are described, with outlines of proof, concerning the weakly coupled Kuramoto model with symmetry, \(\dot{\theta}_j = \omega_j + (\epsilon/N)\sum_{i=1}^N\sin(\theta_i-\theta_j)\). Here \(\epsilon\) is small, and there is a symmetry assumption on the constants \(\omega_j\). The main result is that in the presence of a finite number of nonresonance conditions, then for all small \(\epsilon\) there is an invariant torus of dimension \(N/2 \) or \((N-1)/2\) (depending upon whether \(N\) is even or odd) that is asymptotically stable if \(N\) is odd, and can be either stable or unstable if \(N\) is even. The argument is based on what is called the renormalization group technique, which involves expansions in powers of the parameter \(\epsilon\). Detailed calculations for several cases with small \(N\) are given.

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