Strong peak points and strongly norm attaining points with applications to denseness and polynomial numerical indices

Geometry and structure of normed linear spaces (46B20) (Spaces of) multilinear mappings, polynomials (46G25) Banach algebras of continuous functions, function algebras (46J10)

Abstract: Using the variational method, it is shown that the set of all strong peak functions in a closed algebra

A

of

C_{b} (K)

is dense if and only if the set of all strong peak points is a norming subset of

A

. As a corollary we can induce the denseness of strong peak functions on other certain spaces. In case that a set of uniformly strongly exposed points of a Banach space

X

is a norming subset of

m a t h c a l P (^{n} X)

, then the set of all strongly norm attaining elements in

m a t h c a l P (^{n} X)

is dense. In particular, the set of all points at which the norm of

m a t h c a l P (^{n} X)

is Fr'echet differentiable is a dense

G_{d} e l t a

subset. In the last part, using Reisner's graph theoretic-approach, we construct some strongly norm attaining polynomials on a CL-space with an absolute norm. Then we show that for a finite dimensional complex Banach space

X

with an absolute norm, its polynomial numerical indices are one if and only if

X

is isometric to

e l l_{i} n f t y^{n}

. Moreover, we give a characterization of the set of all complex extreme points of the unit ball of a CL-space with an absolute norm.

Review text

This paper deals with strong peak functions and strong peak points of closed subspaces of \(C_b(K)\) and with applications to the theory of polynomial numerical indices. Let \(K\) be a complete metric space, \(X\) a Banach space and let \(C_b(K:X)\) denote the Banach space of all bounded continuous functions from \(K\) to \(X\) endowed with the supremum norm. A nonzero function \(f\in C_b(K:X)\) is called a \textit{strong peak function} at \(t\in K\) if every sequence \(\{t_n\}\) in \(K\) with \(\lim_n \|f(t_n)\|=\|f\|\) converges to \(t\). Given a subspace \(A\) of \(C_b(K:X)\), a point \(t\in K\) is called a \textit{strong peak point} for \(A\) is there is a strong peak function \(f\) in \(A\) with \(\|f\|=\|f(t)\|\). A subset \(\Gamma\) of \(K\) is \textit{norming} for \(A\) if \(\|f\|=\sup\{\|f(t)\|\;: \;t\in \Gamma\}\) for every \(f\in A\). Write \({\mathcal P}(^k X:Y)\) for the space of \(k\)-homogeneous polynomials from \(X\) to \(Y\) and \({\mathcal P}(^k X)\) when \(Y\) is the scalar field. If \(A\) is a closed subalgebra of \(C_b(K:{\mathbb K})\), it is shown that the set of all strong peak functions in \(A\) is dense if and only if the set of all strong peak points for \(A\) is a norming subset of \(A\). From this result, it is deduced that if the set of uniformly strongly exposed points of a Banach space \(X\) is a norming subset for \({\mathcal P}(^k X)\), then the set of strongly norm attaining elements in \({\mathcal P}(^k X:Y)\) is dense for every Banach space \(Y\) (an element \(f\in {\mathcal P}(^k X:Y)\) strongly attains it norm at \(x\in B_X\) if for every sequence \(\{x_n\}\) in \(B_X\) with \(\lim_n\|f(x_n)\|=\|f\|\), there exist a scalar \(\lambda\) with \(|\lambda|=1\) and a subsequence of \(\{x_n\}\) converging to \(\lambda x\)). In particular, the set of all elements at which the norm of \({\mathcal P}(^k X)\) is Fréchet differentiable is a dense \(G_\delta\) subset. The authors use this machinery in the last section of the paper to prove that \(\ell_\infty^n\) is the unique \(n\)-dimensional complex space with absolute norm whose polynomial numerical indices are one. This gives a partial answer to a problem proposed in [\textit{V.\,Kadets, M.\,Martín, R.\,Payá}, RACSAM, Rev.\ R.\ Acad.\ Cienc.\ Exactas Fís.\ Nat., Ser.\,A Mat.\ 100, No.\,1--2, 155--182 (2006; Zbl 1111.46007)].

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