Real closed separation theorems and applications to group algebras
Noncommutative algebraic geometry (14A22) Rings arising from noncommutative algebraic geometry (16S38) (C^*)-algebras and (W^*)-algebras in relation to group representations (22D25) Representations of topological algebras with involution (46K10) Convex sets without dimension restrictions (aspects of convex geometry) (52A05)
The paper contributes to the study of Positivstellensätze in non-commutative real algebra. Let \(A\) be a \(\ast\)-algebra (where \(\ast\) is an involution) together with a set of \(\ast\)-algebra representations. The cone \(\Sigma^2A = \{ \Sigma a_i^{\ast} a_i \mid a_i \in A\}\) plays the same role in this setting as the sums of squares in commutative real algebra. Typically a Postivstellensatz says that a self adjoint element \(a \in A\) belongs to \(\Sigma^2A\) if it is positive definite in every representation. Further questions about \(\Sigma^2A\) are whether the cone is closed for some natural topology on \(A\) and whether it has interior points. The main tool in these investigations is a Hahn-Banach separation theorem for real vector spaces, where the separating functionals take values in proper real closed extension fields \(R \supset \mathbb{R}\). This approach leads naturally to \textit{generalized representations} of \(\ast\)-algebras taking values in algebraically closed fields \(C = R(i)\). With these tools the authors prove a very general Positivstellensatz. Then they consider group algebras \(\mathbb{C}[\Gamma]\) as \(\ast\)-algebras with involution \((\Sigma a_{\gamma} \gamma)^{\ast} = \Sigma \overline{a_{\gamma}}\gamma^{-1}\) and study the cone \(\Sigma^2 \mathbb{C}[\Gamma]\) and certain subcones thereof.
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