The Horn problem and planar networks

DOI10.1016/J.AIM.2017.01.019MaRDI QIDQ2401701zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Anton Alekseev, Masha Podkopaeva, András Szenes

Publication date 4 September 2017

Published in Advances in Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1207.0640

zbMATH Keywords

Horn problemLie groupsplanar networkstropical semifield

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Planar graphs; geometric and topological aspects of graph theory (05C10) Combinatorial aspects of representation theory (05E10) Tropical geometry (14T99)

Abstract: The problem of determining the set of possible eigenvalues of 3 Hermitian matrices that sum up to zero is known as the Horn problem. The answer is a polyhedral cone, which, following Knutson and Tao, can be described as the projection of a simpler cone in the space of triangular tableaux (or hives) to the boundary nodes of the tableau. In this paper, we introduce a combinatorial problem defined in terms of certain weighted planar graphs giving rise to exactly the same polyhedral cone. In our framework, the values at the inner nodes of the triangular tableaux receive a natural interpretation. Other problems of linear algebra fit into the same scheme, among them the Gelfand--Zeitlin problem. Our approach is motivated by the works of Fomin and Zelevinsky on total positivity and by the ideas of tropicalization.

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Cited in

(9)

• Projective planes and congestion-free networks
• Horn's problem, Vinnikov curves, and the hive cone
• The Agnihotri-Woodward-Belkale polytope and Klyachko cones
• A symplectic proof of the Horn inequalities
• Honeycombs from Hermitian matrix pairs, with interpretations of path operators and SL_n crystals
• The U(n) Gelfand-Zeitlin system as a tropical limit of Ginzburg-Weinstein diffeomorphisms
• On the tensor semigroup of affine Kac-Moody lie algebras
• Multiple Horn problems for planar networks and invertible matrices
• Inequalities from Poisson brackets

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