Criteria for singularities for mappings from two-manifold to the plane. the number and signs of cusps
Properties of mapping from a two manifold to the plane are investigated. Two criteria are given. The first one tells whether the map is 1-generic. The second criterion tells whether a given singular point is a fold point or a cusp point. More precisely, let \(h:\mathbb{R}^{n+2}\to\mathbb{R}^2\) and let \(f=\tilde{f}_{|_{M}}:M\to \mathbb{R}^2\), where \(M\) is a 2-dimensional complete intersection given by \(M=h^{-1}(0)\). Consider \(d:\mathbb{R}^{n+2}\to \mathbb{R}\), the determinant \(d(x)=\det[D\tilde{f}(x) Dh(x)\)]. The 1-genericity criterion is given by the following theorem: Theorem 3.3. A mapping is 1-generic if and only if \(d\) restricted to \(M\) is a submersion at points from \(d^{-1}(0)\cap M\). The criterion concerning the singular point is cited below. Proposition 3.5. Consider a map \(F=(F_1,F_2):\mathbb{R}^{n+2}\to\mathbb{R}^2\), given by \(F=D\tilde{f}(x)(v(x))\), where \(v(x)\) is a vector field. Assume that \(f\) is 1-generic and that \(p\in S_{1}(f)\), where \(S_{1}(f)=\{x\in M | \mathrm{corank}\;Df(p)=1\}\). Then, \(p\) is a simple cusp if and only if \(F(p)=0\) and if the rank of \([DF(p)\;DH(p)\;Dd(p)]\) is \(n+2\). Examples of 1-generic maps having only folds and cusps as singular points are provided, using SINGULAR.
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