Nonlinear, nonequilibrium and collective dynamics in a periodically modulated cold atom system

DOI10.1016/J.PHYSREP.2017.07.002MaRDI QIDQ2405352zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Geol Moon, Myoung-Sun Heo, YongHee Kim, Heung-Ryoul Noh, Wonho Jhe

Publication date 25 September 2017

Published in Physics Reports (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1707.02787

ideal mean-field symmetry breaking inter-particle interaction kinetic phase transition noise-induced switching nonlinear dynamics

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Many-body theory; quantum Hall effect (81V70) Quantum dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical mechanics (general) (82C10) Dynamic and nonequilibrium phase transitions (general) in statistical mechanics (82C26) Statistical mechanics of superfluids (82D50)

Abstract: The physics of critical phenomena in a many-body system far from thermal equilibrium is an interesting and important issue to be addressed both experimentally and theoretically. The trapped cold atoms have been actively used as a clean and versatile simulator for classical and quantum-mechanical systems, deepening understanding of the many-body physics behind. Here we review the nonlinear and collective dynamics in a periodically modulated magneto-optically trapped cold atoms. By temporally modulating the intensity of the trapping lasers with the controlled phases, one can realize two kinds of nonlinear oscillators, the parametrically driven oscillator and the resonantly driven Duffing oscillator, which exhibit the dynamical bistable states. Cold atoms behave not only as the single-particle nonlinear oscillators, but also as the coupled oscillators by the light-induced inter-atomic interaction, which leads to the phase transitions far from equilibrium in a way similar to the phase transition in equilibrium. The parametrically driven cold atoms show the ideal mean-field symmetry-breaking transition, and the symmetry is broken with respect to time translation by the modulation period. Such a phase transition results from the cooperation and competition between the inter-particle interaction and the fluctuations, which lead to the nonlinear switching of atoms between the vibrational states, and the experimentally measured critical characteristics prove it as the ideal mean-field transition class. On the other hand, the resonantly driven cold atoms that possess the coexisting periodic attractors exhibit the kinetic phase transition analogous to the discontinuous gas-liquid phase transition in equilibrium, and interestingly the global interaction between atoms causes the shift of the phase-transition boundary.

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