Kähler-Einstein metrics on symmetric Fano T-varieties

Abstract: We relate the global log canonical threshold of a variety with torus action to the global log canonical threshold of its quotient. We apply this to certain Fano varieties and use Tian's criterion to prove the existence of Kahler-Einstein metrics on them. In particular, we obtain simple examples of Fano threefolds being Kahler-Einstein but admitting deformations without Kahler-Einstein metric.

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This is a very interesting paper, the author worked very hard to obtain some new Kähler-Einstein metrics and Fano manifolds without Kähler-Einstein metrics. The author obtained families of local moduli space of Fano manifolds, two for each dimension, such that at the center one has Kähler-Einstein manifolds and in the nearby deformations, they have Kähler-Einstein metrics if and only if they are polystable under the given toric actions. This is a kind of closer example than those examples given in the reviewer's solution of the Kähler-Einstein metrics in the cohomogeneity one case (see [\textit{D. Guan}, Pac. J. Appl. Math. 3, No. 3, 179--201 (2011; Zbl 1293.53080)] for example) to the one was given by \textit{G. Tian} [Invent. Math. 130, No. 1, 1--37 (1997; Zbl 0892.53027)]. The reviewer's examples for the unstable case was simpler than that one in [Zbl 0892.53027] in the sense of big symmetries. But according to [\textit{F. Bien} and \textit{M. Brion}, Compos. Math. 104, No. 1, 1--26 (1996; Zbl 0910.14004), 4.2], they are rigid and therefore, do not have both stable one and unstable ones in the same deformation family. In the case of complex dimension three, one of the new examples is the one in [\textit{I. A. Chel'tsov} and \textit{K. A. Shramov}, Russ. Math. Surv. 63, No. 5, 859--958 (2008); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 63, No. 5, 73--180 (2008; Zbl 1167.14024), page 952, 2.24], the other is the one in [Zbl 1167.14024, page 953, 3.10]. The method used by the author is the same given by \textit{Y.-T. Siu} [Ann. Math. (2) 127, No. 3, 585--627 (1988; Zbl 0651.53035)] and \textit{G. Tian} [Invent. Math. 89, 225--246 (1987; Zbl 0599.53046)] with an action of a finite symmetry group. This method so far is one of most powerful methods in proving the existence other than those in [\textit{X.-J. Wang} and \textit{X. Zhu}, Adv. Math. 188, No. 1, 87--103 (2004; Zbl 1086.53067)] and, e.g., in [\textit{D. Guan}, Pac. J. Appl. Math. 3, No. 1--2, 43--71 (2011; Zbl 1293.53054)]. In the cohomogeneity one case, we also actually considered the limit of the conic Kähler-Einstein metrics as in the recent efforts in [\textit{X.-X. Chen, S. Donaldson} and \textit{S. Sun},`` Kähler-Einstein metrics and stability, \url{arXiv:1210.7494}] and [\textit{G. Tian}, ``KK-stability and Kähler-Einstein metrics, \url{arXiv:1211.4669}]. But the exceptional divisors there are Fano submanifolds. One might conjecture that all Fano hypersurfaces in projective spaces are Kähler-Einstein. Also, the reviewer would like to point out that in the cohomogeneity one case, the same method also applied to Aubin's method. That is, Aubin's original method actually also works for the cohomogeneity one case, just as it worked for the toric case in [\textit{X.-J. Wang} and \textit{X. Zhu}, Adv. Math. 188, No. 1, 87--103 (2004; Zbl 1086.53067)]. According to [\textit{I. A. Chel'tsov} and \textit{K. A. Shramov}, Russ. Math. Surv. 63, No. 5, 859--958 (2008); translation from Usp. Mat. Nauk 63, No. 5, 73-180 (2008; Zbl 1167.14024), pages 951 to 955], this method is somehow limited. According to [\textit{A. M. Nadel}, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 86, No. 19, 7299--7300 (1989; Zbl 0711.53056)], the obstruction to Kähler-Einstein metrics is related to some Fano-like subvarieties, possibly with related invariants from Chern theory. This is consistent with the picture in the cohomogeneity one case, see, for example, [\textit{D. Guan}, Pac. J. Math. 261, No. 2, 369--388 (2013; Zbl 1288.14032)]. It was suggested in the early 1990's that the existence of Kähler-Einstein metrics was the same as the asymptotic stabilities. It seems that Tian had one direction but eventually came to [Zbl 0892.53027)] with Tian's version of K-stability. Shouwu Zhang also seemly able to do one direction but was concerning about the other. See [\textit{S. Zhang}, Compos. Math. 104, No. 1, 77--105 (1996; Zbl 0924.11055)]. That was around 1994. It was surprising to the reviewer when Donaldson published his paper for one direction for Kähler metrics with constant scalar curvatures. Later on, it was proved that the asymptotic stabilities imply the vanishing of the higher order Futaki invariants. But people later found some toric Kähler-Einstein manifolds whose higher order Futaki invariants are nonzero. Donaldson later on defined his version of the Donaldson-Futaki invariants and gave his version of K-stability. His K-stability is possibly different from Tian's. See [\textit{Z. Lu}, Commun. Anal. Geom. 12, No. 3, 601--630 (2004; Zbl 1076.53089)].

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