An upper bound for the Waring rank of a form
Polynomials, factorization in commutative rings (13P05) Projective techniques in algebraic geometry (14N05) Vector spaces, linear dependence, rank, lineability (15A03) Determinants, permanents, traces, other special matrix functions (15A15) Canonical forms, reductions, classification (15A21) Multilinear algebra, tensor calculus (15A69)
Fix a degree \(d\) homogeneous polynomial \(f\) in \(n\) variables over \(\mathbb {C}\) (or a symmetric \(d\)-tensor over \(\mathbb {C}^n\)). The rank \(\mathrm{rk} (f)\) of \(f\) is the minimal number of \(d\) powers of linear forms whose sum is \(f\). It is a well-studied and important (but difficult to compute) invariant of \(f\). The author introduces a very interesting generalization: the open rank of \(f\), \(\mathrm{ork}(f)\), as follows: fix any proper Zariski closed subset \(V_1\) of the space \(S_1\) of all degree \(1\) forms over \(\mathbb {C}^n\); we impose the existence of \(L_i \in S_1\setminus V_1\), \(1\leq i\leq \mathrm{ork} (f)\), whose sum is \(f\). This definition is a stronger form of a definition introduced in [\textit{A. Białinicki-Birula} and \textit{A. Schinzel}, Coll. Math., No. 2, 201--233 (2008; Zbl 1154.11011)] in which \(V_1\) is a union of finitely many hyperplanes of \(S_1\). In the paper under review the author, proves that the open rank is at most \(\binom{n+d-2}{d-1} -\binom{n+d-6}{d-3}\). This result is still interesting, but at that time it was also an improvement of the only known upper bound for the rank of \(f\) (Proposition 5.1 of [\textit{J. M. Landsberg} and \textit{Z. Teitler}, Found. Comput. Math. 10, No. 3, 339--366 (2010; Zbl 1196.15024)]. For the rank the upper bound was greatly improved in [\textit{G. Blekherman} and \textit{Z. Teitler}, Math. Ann. 362, No. 3-4, Article ID 1150, 1021--1031 (2015; Zbl 1326.15034)].
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