Hilbert scheme strata defined by bounding cohomology

DOI10.1016/J.JALGEBRA.2007.04.016MaRDI QIDQ2459983zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 9 November 2007

Published in Journal of Algebra (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0509126, https://www.zora.uzh.ch/id/eprint/21537/1/0509126v1.pdf

Hilbert scheme local cohomology Mall ideals sequentially Cohen-Macaulayness

Parametrization (Chow and Hilbert schemes) (14C05) Varieties defined by ring conditions (factorial, Cohen-Macaulay, seminormal) (14M05)

Abstract: Let Hilb^p be the Hilbert scheme parametrizing the closed subschemes of P^n with Hilbert polynomial pin Q[t] over a field K of characteristic zero. By bounding below the cohomological Hilbert functions of the points of Hilb^p we define locally closed subspaces of the Hilbert scheme. The aim of this paper is to show that some of these subspaces are connected. For this we exploit the edge ideals constructed by D. Mall. It turns out that these ideals are sequentially Cohen-Macaulay and that their initial ideals with respect to the reverse lexicographic term order are generic initial ideals.

Review text

Let Hilb\(^p\) be the Hilbert scheme parametrizing the closed subschemes, with fixed Hilbert polynomial \(p=p(t)\in \mathbb Q[t]\), of the projective space \(\mathbb P_K^n\) over an algebraically closed field \(K\) of characteristic \(0\). For each point \(x\in\) Hilb\(^p\), and any \(i\in \mathbb N\), consider the \(i\)-th cohomological Hilbert function \(h_x^i:\mathbb Z\to \mathbb N\), \(m \to \dim_{k(x)}H^i(\mathbb P_{k(x)}^n, \mathcal I^{(x)}(m))\), where \(k(x)\) and \(\mathcal I^{(x)}\subset \mathcal O_{\mathbb P_{k(x)}^n}\) denote the residue field and the ideal sheaf of the subscheme corresponding to \(x\). Now fix a sequence \((f_i)_{i\in\mathbb N}\) of numerical functions \(f_i:\mathbb Z\to \mathbb N\), and consider the sets \(H^{\geq}:=\{x\in\) Hilb\(^p \mid h_x^i\geq f_i \,\,\forall i\in \mathbb N\}\) and \(H^{=}:=\{x\in\) Hilb\(^p\mid h_x^0=f_0, h_x^i\geq f_i \,\,\forall i\geq 1\}\). Semicontinuity implies that \(H^{\geq}\) is closed in Hilb\(^p\), and that \(H^{=}\) is locally closed. In the case \(f_i\equiv 0\) for \(i\geq 1\), many authors gave proofs that \(H^{\geq}\) and \(H^{=}\) are connected, i.e. that the subsets of Hilb\(^p\) which are defined lower bounding the functions \(h_x^0\) are connected. For instance, \textit{R. Hartshorne} [Publ. Math. Inst. Hautes Études Sci. 29, 5--48 (1966; Zbl 0171.41502)] proved that Hilb\(^p\) is connected (see also \textit{G. Gotzmann} [Comment. Math. Helv. 63, No. 1, 114--149 (1988; Zbl 0656.14004)], \textit{D. Mall} [J. Pure Appl. Algebra 150, No. 2, 175--205 (2000; Zbl 0986.14002)], \textit{I. Peeva} and \textit{M. Stillman} [J. Algebr. Geom. 14, No. 2, 193--211 (2005; Zbl 1078.14007)]). Without assumption on the lower bounding functions \(f_i\), in the paper under review the author proves that \(H^{\geq}\) and \(H^{=}\) are connected. The line of the proof is the following. Let \(S:= K[X_0,\dots,X_n]\) be the polynomial ring, and, for any homogeneous ideal \(\mathfrak a\subset S\) and any \(i\in\mathbb N\), consider the \(i\)-th locally cohomological Hilbert function \(h_{\mathfrak a}^i:\mathbb Z\to \mathbb N\), \(m\to \dim_KH^i_{S_+}(\mathfrak a)_m\), where \(H^i_{S_+}(\mathfrak a)\) denotes the graded \(i\)-th local cohomology module of \(\mathfrak a\) with respect to the irrelevant ideal \(S_+\). And denote by \(h_{\mathfrak a}\) the Hilbert function of \(\mathfrak a\). Via Serre-Grothendieck correspondence, one sees that the set of closed points of \(H^{\geq}\) (\(H^{=}\) resp.) is equal to the set \(\mathbb I^{\geq}\) (\(\mathbb I^{=}\) resp.) of saturated homogeneous ideals \(\mathfrak a\subset S\), with Hilbert polynomial \(q(t)={\binom{t+n}{n}}-p(t)\), such that \(h_{\mathfrak a}\geq f_0\) (\(h_{\mathfrak a}= f_0\) resp.) and \(h_{\mathfrak a}^i\geq f_{i-1}\) for all \(i\geq 2\). So to prove that \(H^{\geq}\) and \(H^{=}\) are connected amounts to prove that \(\mathbb I^{\geq}\) and \(\mathbb I^{=}\) are connected. To this aim it suffices to prove that \(\mathbb I^{\geq}\) and \(\mathbb I^{=}\) are connected by Gröbner deformations, i.e. that for any two ideals \(\mathfrak a\), \(\mathfrak b\) \(\in \mathbb I^{\geq}\) (\(\mathbb I^{=}\) resp.), there exists a sequence of ideals \(\mathfrak a=\mathfrak c_1,\dots,\mathfrak c_r=\mathfrak b\) in \(\mathbb I^{\geq}\) (\(\mathbb I^{=}\) resp.) such that \(\mathfrak c_i\) is the saturation of the initial ideal or of the generic initial ideal of \(\mathfrak c_{i+1}\) with respect to some term order or vice versa for all \(i\in\{1,\dots,r-1\}\). To prove that \(\mathbb I^{\geq}\) and \(\mathbb I^{=}\) are connected by Gröbner deformations, the author makes use of certain ideals constructed by \textit{D. Mall} [loc. cit.]. The author proves that a Mall ideal \(\mathfrak c\) is sequentially Cohen-Macaulay, i.e. \(h^i_{\mathfrak c}=h^i_{\text{Gin}_{\text{rlex}}}\mathfrak c\) for all \(i\in \mathbb N\), where \(\text{Gin}_{\text{rlex}}\mathfrak c\) denotes the generic initial ideal of \(\mathfrak c\) with respect to the homogeneous reverse lexicographic order, and that \(\text{Gin}_{\text{rlex}}\mathfrak c=\text{in}_{\text{rlex}}\mathfrak c\). Combining these properties with the general fact that \(h^i_{\mathfrak a}\leq h^i_{\text{in}\mathfrak a}\) for any homogeneous ideal \(\mathfrak a\), any \(i\in \mathbb N\) and any term order, the author is able to conclude the proof of the quoted connectedness property.

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