Effects of rapid prey evolution on predator-prey cycles

DOI10.1007/S00285-007-0094-6MaRDI QIDQ2460437zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors L. E. Jones, Stephen P. Ellner

Publication date 12 November 2007

Published in Journal of Mathematical Biology (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/q-bio/0609032

zbMATH Keywords

ChemostatConsumer-resourceCyclesEvolutionPredator-prey

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Nonlinear oscillations and coupled oscillators for ordinary differential equations (34C15) Qualitative investigation and simulation of ordinary differential equation models (34C60) Dynamical systems in biology (37N25) Problems related to evolution (92D15) Ecology (92D40)

Abstract: We study the qualitative properties of population cycles in a predator-prey system where genetic variability allows contemporary rapid evolution of the prey. Previous numerical studies have found that prey evolution in response to changing predation risk can have major quantitative and qualitative effects on predator-prey cycles, including: (i) large increases in cycle period, (ii) changes in phase relations (so that predator and prey are cycling exactly out of phase, rather than the classical quarter-period phase lag), and (iii) "cryptic" cycles in which total prey density remains nearly constant while predator density and prey traits cycle. Here we focus on a chemostat model motivated by our experimental system [Fussmann et al. 2000,Yoshida et al. 2003] with algae (prey) and rotifers (predators), in which the prey exhibit rapid evolution in their level of defense against predation. We show that the effects of rapid prey evolution are robust and general, and furthermore that they occur in a specific but biologically relevant region of parameter space: when traits that greatly reduce predation risk are relatively cheap (in terms of reductions in other fitness components), when there is coexistence between the two prey types and the predator, and when the interaction between predators and undefended prey alone would produce cycles. Because defense has been shown to be inexpensive, even cost-free, in a number of systems [Andersson and Levin 1999, Gagneux et al. 2006,Yoshida et al. 2004], our discoveries may well be reproduced in other model systems, and in nature. Finally, some of our key results are extended to a general model in which functional forms for the predation rate and prey birth rate are not specified.

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Cited in

(14)

• A discrete-time model for cryptic oscillations in predator-prey systems
• Unusual predator-prey dynamics under reciprocal phenotypic plasticity
• General nonlinear stochastic systems motivated by chemostat models: complete characterization of long-time behavior, optimal controls, and applications to wastewater treatment
• Predator-prey coevolution driven by size selective predation can cause anti-synchronized and cryptic population dynamics
• The effects of predator evolution and genetic variation on predator-prey population-level dynamics
• Unique coevolutionary dynamics in a predator-prey system
• The dynamic effects of an inducible defense in the Nicholson-Bailey model
• Evolutionary tradeoff and equilibrium in an aquatic predator-prey system
• Indirect effects of primary prey population dynamics on alternative prey
• A predator-2 prey fast-slow dynamical system for rapid predator evolution
• Evolution of prey polymorphism induced by learning predators
• Coexistence of one predator and two prey through rapid evolution in predator's feeding choice
• The eco-evolutionary dynamics of two strategic species: from the predator-prey to the innocent-spreader rumor model
• Evolution in predator-prey systems

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