Schubert unions in Grassmann varieties

DOI10.1016/J.FFA.2007.06.003MaRDI QIDQ2467308zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Johan P. Hansen, Trygve Johnsen, Kristian Ranestad

Publication date 21 January 2008

Published in Finite Fields and their Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0503121

applications to coding theory and cryptography finite ground fields flag manifolds Grassmannians hypersurfaces Schubert varieties

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Finite ground fields in algebraic geometry (14G15) Applications to coding theory and cryptography of arithmetic geometry (14G50) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15)

Abstract: We study subsets of Grassmann varieties G(l,m) over a field F, such that these subsets are unions of Schubert cycles, with respect to a fixed flag. We study the linear spans of, and in case of positive characteristic, the number of points on such unions over finite fields. Moreover we study a geometric duality of such unions, and give a combinatorial interpretation of this duality. We discuss the maximum number of points over a finite field for the Schubert unions of a given spanning dimension, and we give some applications to coding theory. We define Schubert union codes, and study the parameters and support weights of these codes and of the well-known Grassmann codes.

Review text

Denote by \(G(l,m)\) the Grassmann variety of \(l\)-dimensional subspaces of a fixed \(m\)-dimensional vector space \(V\) over a field \(F\). Then \(G(l,m)\) is embedded by the Plücker embedding into \(\mathbb{P}^{k-1}\) where \( k = { m \choose l}\). The authors consider the following problem: What is the maximal intersection of a linear subspace of a given dimension in \(\mathbb{P}^{k-1}\) with \(G(l,m)\)? where maximal may refer to the number of \(\mathbb{F}_q\) rational points or to the Krull dimension. The main theorem given as theorem 5.1 states that the maximal Krull dimension of a component is computed by a subspace spanned by certain subvarieties called Schubert unions. They state in fact for \(l = 2\) a numerical criterion in terms of the dimension of the subspace and a maximal number which satisfies an arithmetic quotient, stated as corollary 5.2. The paper is organized as follows. In section two, the authors recall the basic definitions of Schubert cycles with respect to a given Flag. For an ordered \(l\)-tuple \(\alpha\) they recall the definition of a cell which belong to a grid which is partially ordered. They recall the definitions of a Schubert cycle in terms of a union of cells and a partial ordered is introduced for the \(l\)-tuples \(\alpha\). For each \(l\)-dimensional subspace \(W\) of \(V\) a matrix \(M_W\) is associated and therefore by computing all the maximal minors of \(M_W\) form the set of Plücker coordinates indexed with respect to the grid. In fact the Schubert cycle is expressed by the well known property of the vanishing of a subset of Plucker coordinates. The Schubert union is simply the union of all the Schubert cycles. In proposition 2.3 it is proven that for a finite number of Schubert cycles their intersection is a Schubert cycle, with grid equal to the intersection of all the grids. The Schubert union is expressed as a linear section of \(G(l,m)\) in terms of subspace defined in definition 2.1 and the number of \(F_q\) rational points is computed precisely in terms of the \(l\)-tuples in the union of all grids associated to the Schubert cycles. They introduce in definition 2.5 the property of a subset being Borel fixed in terms of the partial order introduced. In particular, for Schubert unions the grid is also Borel fixed (proposition 2.6). If we denote by \(F\) the algebraic closure of \(\mathbb{F}_q\) and let \( B \subset GL(m, F)\) be the set of upper triangular matrices with respect to a fixed basis of \(V\) then they show that if \( X = \{ X_{\alpha} \} \) be a set of Plücker coordinates and \(M(X)\) the corresponding grid, then the linear span of \(X\) is stable under \(B\) if and only if \(M(X)\) is Borel fixed. They show in proposition 2.7 that the Schubert unions of dimension \(r\) are the fixed points under the action of the Borel subgroup of \(G(r, \bigwedge^l V) \). In section 2.1, for a subset \(M \subset G(l,m)\) the geometric dual set \(D(M)\) is given in definition 2.8. For a Schubert union \(S_U\) they define the grid dual which is \(S_U'\) in definition 2.12 and prove in theorem 2.14 that \( D(S_U) = S_U'\). In proposition 2.18 for a Schubert union the number of \(\mathbb{F}_q\)- rational points of its grid dual is computed. In section three, the authors restrict to the case of \(l=2\) and \( m \geq 3\). In theorem 3.2, they prove that for each \(m\) there are \(2^{m-1}\) distinct Schubert unions with respect to a fixed flag. They correspond to the set of subsets \(P(M)\) of a set \(M\) with \(m-1\) elements. Section four is devoted to applications to codes. The authors restrict to \(G_{\mathbb{F}_q}(l,m) \) with cardinality \(n\) and associate to the \(n\) points in it a matrix \(M\) and a code \( C(l,m)\). They first compute in proposition 4.1 the weights for \(C(2,m), m \leq 4\) given already by \textit{D. Yu. Nogin} [in: Arithmetic Geometry and Coding theory, Luminy, 1993, de Gruyter, Berlin, 145--154 (1996; Zbl 0865.94032)]. In proposition 4.2 they compute for \(C(2,5) \) the weight \( d_5\).~Motivated by this, they define in definition 4.4 the number \(J_r\) which is the maximum number of points in a Schubert union which span a linear space of codimension \(r\) and they define \(D_r = n - J_r\) for \( r=1, \ldots, k\). The main result in this section is proposition 4.5 which states that for all \(l,m,r,\) \( d_r \leq D_r\). In the last section, section 5, they prove their main theorem, namely theorem 5.1 which states that for all \(K\) the maximal Krull dimension of a component of a linear section of \(G(l,m)\) with a subspace of Plücker space of a fixed dimension \(K-1\) is computed as a subspace spanned by Schubert unions. As a particular case, they give an arithmetic criterion to compute the maximal Krull dimension of a component of a linear section of \(G(2,m)\) with a subspace in corollary 5.2.

Recommendations

Cites work

Cited in

(16)

This page was built for publication: Schubert unions in Grassmann varieties

Report a bug (only for logged in users!)Click here to report a bug for this page (MaRDI item Q2467308)