The subconstituent algebra of a bipartite distance-regular graph; thin modules with endpoint two

DOI10.1016/J.DISC.2007.03.071MaRDI QIDQ2470002zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mark S. MacLean, Paul Terwilliger

Publication date 11 February 2008

Published in Discrete Mathematics (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0604351

zbMATH Keywords

association schemedistance-regular graphTerwilliger algebra

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Association schemes, strongly regular graphs (05E30) Finite nilpotent groups, (p)-groups (20D15)

Abstract: We consider a bipartite distance-regular graph $G$ with diameter at least 4 and valency at least 3. Fix a vertex of $G$ and let $T$ denote the corresponding subconstituent algebra. We give a detailed description of a certain type of irreducible $T$-module, said to be thin with endpoint 2.

Review text

Let \(\Gamma\) be a distance-regular graph with diameter \(D\), distance matrices \(A_i\) and eigenvalues \(\theta_0>\theta_1>\dots >\theta_D\). Fix a base vertex \(x\) of \(\Gamma\). Let \(T=T(x)\) denote the subalgebra of \(Mat_X({\mathbb C})\) generated by \(A,E_0^*,\dots ,E_D^*\), where \(A=A_1\) and \(E_i^*\) denotes the projection onto the \(i\)th subconstituent of \(\Gamma\) with respect to \(x\). \(T\) is called the Terwilliger algebra of \(\Gamma\) with respect to \(x\). There exist the unique irreducible \(T\)-module \(V_0\) with endpoint 0 (\(V_1\) with endpoint 1). Both \(V_0\) and \(V_1\) are thin. Assume \(\Gamma\) is bipartite and \(W\) is thin irreducible \(T\)-module with endpoint 2. Then \(E_2^*W\) is a one-dimensional eigenspace for \(E_2^*A_2E_2^*\) with eigenvalue \(\eta\) and \(\tilde \theta_1\leq \eta\leq \tilde \theta_d\), where \(\tilde \theta_i=-1-b_2b_3(\theta_i^2-b_2)^{-1}\) and \(d=[D/2]\). To describe the structure of \(W\) we distinguish four cases: {\parindent=8mm \begin{itemize}\item[(i)]\(\eta=\tilde \theta_1\), \item[(ii)]\(D\) is odd and \(\eta=\tilde \theta_d\), \item[(iii)]\(D\) is even and \(\eta=\tilde \theta_d\), \item[(iv)]\(\tilde \theta_1<\eta<\tilde \theta_d\). \end{itemize}} Cases \((i)\) and \((ii)\) were investigated earlier. It is showed that \({\text{ dim}}W=D-1-e\) (\(e=1\) in the case \((iii)\), \(e=0\) in the case \((iv)\)), \(W\) has orthogonal basis \(E_iv (i\in S)\), where \(v\) -- a nonzero vector of \(E_2^*W\), \(E_i\) -- primitive idempotent \(A\), associated with \(\theta_i\), and \(S=\{1,2,\dots D-1\}-\{d\}\) in the case \((iii)\), \(S=\{1,2,\dots D-1\}\) in the case \((iv)\), moreover \(W\) has orthogonal basis \(E_{i+2}^*A_iv (0\leq i\leq D-2-e)\). It is founded square-norm of each vector of two bases and transition matrix relating this two bases.

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Cited in

(13)

• Commutative association schemes
• Bipartite distance-regular graphs. I
• An \(A\)-invariant subspace for bipartite distance-regular graphs with exactly two irreducible \(T\)-modules with endpoint 2, both thin
• The subconstituent algebra of a distance-regular graph; thin modules with endpoint one
• Tight distance-regular graphs and the subconstituent algebra
• A combinatorial basis for Terwilliger algebra modules of a bipartite distance-regular graph
• On (almost) 2-Y-homogeneous distance-biregular graphs
• On bipartite distance-regular graphs with exactly one non-thin \(T\)-module with endpoint two
• A new characterization of taut distance-regular graphs of odd diameter
• A new approach to the bipartite fundamental bound
• The local eigenvalues of a bipartite distance-regular graph
• On bipartite distance-regular graphs with exactly two irreducible T-modules with endpoint two
• A diagram associated with the subconstituent algebra of a distance-regular graph

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