Convoluted C-cosine functions and semigroups. Relations with ultradistribution and hyperfunction sines

Linear differential equations in abstract spaces (34G10) Operations with distributions and generalized functions (46F10) Operator sine and cosine functions and higher-order Cauchy problems (47D09) (C)-semigroups, regularized semigroups (47D60)

Abstract: Convoluted

C

-cosine functions and semigroups in a Banach space setting extending the classes of fractionally integrated

C

-cosine functions and semigroups are systematically analyzed. Structural properties of such operator families are obtained. Relations between convoluted

C

-cosine functions and analytic convoluted

C

-semigroups, introduced and investigated in this paper are given through the convoluted version of the abstract Weierstrass formula which is also proved in the paper. Ultradistribution and hyperfunction sines are connected with analytic convoluted semigroups and ultradistribution semigroups. Several examples of operators generating convoluted cosine functions, (analytic) convoluted semigroups as well as hyperfunction and ultradistribution sines illustrate the abstract approach of the authors. As an application, it is proved that the polyharmonic operator

(- D e l t a)^{2^{n}},

n i n m a t h b b N,

acting on

L^{2} [0, p i]

with appropriate boundary conditions, generates an exponentially bounded

K_{n}

-convoluted cosine function, and consequently, an exponentially bounded analytic

K_{n + 1}

-convoluted semigroup of angle

f r a c p i 2,

for suitable exponentially bounded kernels

K_{n}

and

K_{n + 1} .

Review text

Different extensions of the concepts of \(C_0\)-semigroups and cosine functions have appered in the last forty years. In this nice paper, the authors consider local convoluted \(C\)-cosine functions and semigroups. Local convoluted semigroups were introduced by \textit{I.\,Ciorănescu} [Lect.\ Notes Pure Appl.\ Math.\ 168, 107--122 (1994; Zbl 0818.47038)] in order to extend the theory of integrated semigroups introduced by W.\,Arendt and M.\,Hieber in 1986. In the present paper, the notions of subgenerator and integral generator are used for local convoluted \(C\)-cosine functions and semigroups. Interesting examples which fall under this approach are ultradistributions in the Roumieu--Gevrey and Beurling classes and hyperfunctions sines which were first handled by \textit{S.\,Ōuchi} [Proc.\ Japan Acad.\ 47, 541--544 (1971; Zbl 0234.46045)] and \textit{J.\,Chazarain} [J.~Funct.\ Anal.\ 7, 386--446 (1971; Zbl 0211.12902)]. They also consider the well-known abstract Weierstrass formula to show the connection between convoluted \(C\)-semigroups and analytic convoluted \(C\)-semigroups. In these ideas, they show that generators of hyperfunction and ultradistribution sines are also generators of analytic convoluted semigroups. Nice examples are also given: they consider the polyharmonic operator \(\Delta^{2^n}\) for \(n\in \mathbb N\) on the space \(L^2([0, 1])\) with suitable boundary conditions. Under these conditions, these operators generate a \(K_n\)-convoluted semigroup for a certain kernel \(K_n\).

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