Connection coefficients between Boas--Buck polynomial sets

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2005.06.035MaRDI QIDQ2491684zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 29 May 2006

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmaa.2005.06.035

Boas-Buck polynomials connection coefficients discrete and continuous orthogonal polynomials generalized hypergeometric polynomials inversion formulas lowering operator

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Orthogonal polynomials and functions of hypergeometric type (Jacobi, Laguerre, Hermite, Askey scheme, etc.) (33C45)

Review text

Considering polynomial sets with complex coefficients \[ \{P_n\}_{n\geq 0}\;\text{ with deg}\,P_n=n, \] the authors study the problem of determining the solution to the Connection problem: given two polynomial sets \(\{P_n\}_{n\geq 0},\;\{Q_n\}_{n\geq 0}\), find the coefficients in \(Q_n(x)=\sum_{m=0}^n\, c_m(n)P_m(x)\). The problem is not studied in its full generality of course: the authors restrict themselves to Boas-Buck polynomial sets. These polynomials are given by a generating function of Boas-Buck type: \[ \sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,\lambda_nP_n(x)t^n=A(t)B(xC(t)), \] with constants \(\{\lambda_n\}\) and where \[ A,B\text{ are power series }\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,a_nt^n,\;a_0\not= 0,\text{ resp. }\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,b_nt^n,\;b_0\not= 0 \] and \[ C\text{ is a power series }\sum_{n=1}^{\infty}\,c_nt^n,\;c_1\not= 0. \] Denote by \(C^{\ast}\) the inverse power series of \(C\) with respect to composition: \[ C^{\ast}(C(t))\equiv t,\quad C(C^{\ast}(s))\equiv s, \] then the main result is Theorem. Let \(\{P_n\}_{n\geq 0},\;\{Q_n\}_{n\geq 0}\) be two Boas-Buck polynomial sets generated by \[ A_1(t)B_1(xC_1(t))=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,{P_n(x)\over n!}\,t^n,\quad A_2(t)B_2(xC_2(t))=\sum_{n=0}^{\infty}\,{Q_n(x)\over n!}\,t^n, \] then the connection coefficients are given by \[ c_m(n,a)={n!\over m!}\,\sum_{k=m}^n\, a_k(n) b_m(k) a^k\, {\gamma_k^{(2)}\over\gamma_k^{(1)}}, \] where \[ \begin{aligned} A_2(t)\left(C_2(t)\right)^m&= \sum_{n=m}^{\infty}\,a_m(n)t^n, \\ {\left(C_1^{\ast}(t)\right)^m\over A_1(C_1^{\ast}(t))}&= \sum_{n=m}^{\infty}\,b_m(n)t^n,\\ \text{and} B_i(t)&= \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\,\gamma_k^{(i)} t^k\;(i=1,2). \end{aligned} \] After this main result follows a number of interesting corollaries pertaining to different types of polynomial sets (Brenke-, Panda-, and Humbert-polynomial sets) and applications to Brafman-, Laguerre-, Koekoek-Laguerre-Sobolev-, Chaundry-, Srivastava-Pathan-, Wilson-, Racah-, Jaco\-bi-, generalized Rice-, generalized Bessel-, Srivastava-, modified Jacobi- and modified Laguerre-polynomials. The paper concludes with a section on the connection coefficients for the classical continuous and classical discrete sets of orthogonal polynomials in terms of \(x^n\) (continuous case) resp. \((-x)_n=(-x)(-x+1)\cdots (-x+n-1)\) (discrete case) and each of the continuous (discrete) polynomials in each of the other continuous (discrete) orthogonal polynomials.

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