Renormalization in the Hénon family. I: Universality but non-rigidity

Thermodynamic formalism, variational principles, equilibrium states for dynamical systems (37D35) Strange attractors, chaotic dynamics of systems with hyperbolic behavior (37D45) Dynamical systems involving maps of the interval (37E05) Universality and renormalization of dynamical systems (37E20) Dynamical systems involving homeomorphisms and diffeomorphisms of planes and surfaces (37E30) Dynamics of complex polynomials, rational maps, entire and meromorphic functions; Fatou and Julia sets (37F10)

Abstract: In this paper geometric properties of infinitely renormalizable real H'enon-like maps

F

in

R^{2}

are studied. It is shown that the appropriately defined renormalizations

R^{n} F

converge exponentially to the one-dimensional renormalization fixed point. The convergence to one-dimensional systems is at a super-exponential rate controlled by the average Jacobian and a universal function

a (x)

. It is also shown that the attracting Cantor set of such a map has Hausdorff dimension less than 1, but contrary to the one-dimensional intuition, it is not rigid, does not lie on a smooth curve, and generically has unbounded geometry.

Review text

This extended and interesting paper deals with a class \({\mathcal H}\) of Hénon-like maps \(F\) in \(\mathbb{R}^2\) of the form \(F:(x,y)\mapsto(f(x)-\varepsilon(x,y),x)\), where \(f(x)\) is a unimodal map subject of certain regularity assumptions, and \(\varepsilon(x,y)\) is small. If \(f\) is renormalizable then the renormalization of \(F\) is defined as \(\mathbb RF=H^{-1} \circ(F^2|_U)\circ H\), where \(U\) is a certain neighborhood of the ``critical value \(v=(f(0),0)\) and \(H\) is an explicit nonlinear change of variables. The paper consists of 13 sections, which are headed followed here: 1. Introduction; 2. General notation and terminology; 3. Hénon renormalization. -- In this section, the class of Hénon-like maps is introduced and renormalization for such maps is defined. 4. Hyperbolicity of the Hénon renormalization operator. -- In this section, it is shown that the Hénon renormalization operator has a hyperbolic fixed-point \(F_*(x,y)=(f_*(x), x)\), where \(f_*\) is the fixed-point of the one-dimensional renormalization operator. 5. The critical Cantor set. -- In this section, the attracting set for infinitely renormalizable Hénon-like maps is studied. It is shown that its Hausdorff dimension is bounded from above by 0.73. 6. The average Jacobian. -- In this section, the average Jacobian \(b\) of an infinitely renormalizable Hénon-like map with respect to the unique invariant measure supported on its critical Cantor set is studied. 7. Universality around the tip. -- In this section (central in the paper), the shape of the renormalization \(\mathbb R^nF\) of the Hénon-like maps is derived. 8. Affine rescaling and quadratic change of variable. 9. Nonexistence of continuous invariant line fields. 10. Nonrigidity of the critical Cantor set. 11. Generic unbounded geometry. 12. Hölder geometry of the critical Cantor set. 13. Open problems. -- In this section, the six questions that naturally arise from the previous investigation are presented as open problems.

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