Large-time blowup for a perturbation of the cubic Szegő equation

DOI10.2140/APDE.2014.7.717MaRDI QIDQ2509692zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Haiyan Xu

Publication date 29 July 2014

Published in Analysis \& PDE (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.5284, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.apde/1513731526

zbMATH Keywords

Hankel operatorintegrabilityLax pairSobolev normstability

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Blow-up in context of PDEs (35B44) NLS equations (nonlinear Schrödinger equations) (35Q55) Completely integrable infinite-dimensional Hamiltonian and Lagrangian systems, integration methods, integrability tests, integrable hierarchies (KdV, KP, Toda, etc.) (37K10) Toeplitz operators, Hankel operators, Wiener-Hopf operators (47B35)

Abstract: We consider the following Hamiltonian equation on a special manifold of rational functions, [ip_tu=Pi(|u|^2u)+al (u|1), alinR,] where $Pi$ denotes the SzegH{o} projector on the Hardy space of the circle $S{S}^1$. The equation with $al=0$ was first introduced by G{'e}rard and Grellier in cite{GG1} as a toy model for totally non dispersive evolution equations. We establish the following properties for this equation. For $alextless0$, any compact subset of initial data leads to a relatively compact subset of trajectories. For $alextgreater0$, there exist trajectories on which high Sobolev norms exponentially grow with time.

Review text

The paper addresses the so-called Szegő equation, which is written as \[ i\frac{\partial u}{\partial t}=\Pi(|u|^2u) +\alpha u_0, \] where \(u(t,\theta)\) is a function of time and a cyclic coordinate \(\theta\) (\(0 < \theta < 2\pi\)). \(\Pi\) stands for the so-called Szegő projection, which is defined through the Fourier decomposition of \(u(\theta)\), that is, \[ u(\theta) = \sum_{k=-\infty}^{+\infty} \hat{u}(k) e^{ik\theta} \] as \[ \Pi(u) \equiv \sum_{k \geq 0} \hat{u}(k) e^{ik\theta}, \] where \(\alpha\) is a real constant and \(u_0\) stands for the average value of \(u(\theta)\). This equation is a ``toy model of nonlinear dispersion equations. It was demonstrated before that this equation with \(\alpha = 0\) is integrable and, accordingly, that it admits a representation in the form of a Lax pair. This paper demonstrates that the equation with \(\alpha\neq 0\) also admits a Lax-pair representation, in terms of Hankel operators. The main issue here is the stability of solutions. It is demonstrated that the family of solutions is stable for \(\alpha < 0\) and that it includes solutions with an exponentially growing Sobolev norm for \(\alpha > 0\).

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