On the regularity of the polar factorization for time dependent maps

DOI10.1007/S00526-004-0280-YMaRDI QIDQ2575178zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 8 December 2005

Published in Calculus of Variations and Partial Differential Equations (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0306431

Monge-Ampère equation polar factorization time dependent maps

Smoothness and regularity of solutions to PDEs (35B65) Nonlinear elliptic equations (35J60) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Regularity of solutions in optimal control (49N60)

Abstract: We consider the polar factorization of vector valued mappings introduced by Y. Brenier. In the case of a family of mappings depending on a parameter. We investigate the regularity with respect to this parameter of the terms of the polar factorization by constructing some a priori bounds. To do so, we consider the linearization of the associated Monge-Ampere equation which we view as a conservation law.

Review text

Let \(\Omega\) be a bounded open set in \({\mathbb R}^d\) with \(| \partial\Omega| =0\) where \(| \cdot| \) denotes the \(d\)-dimensional Lebesgue measure. \textit{Y.~Brenier} [Comm. Pure Appl. Math. 44, 375--417 (1991; Zbl 0738.46011)] has proved that for every Lebesgue measurable mapping \(X\in L^2(\Omega,{\mathbb R}^d)\) satisfying the nondegeneracy condition \[ X^{-1}(B)=0 \quad\text{for all measurable \(B\subset{\mathbb R}^d\) with \(| B| =0\)}, \leqno(*) \] there is a unique factorization \(X=\nabla\Phi\circ g\) where \(\Phi\) is a convex function and \(g\) belongs to \(G(\Omega)\), the set of measure preserving mappings of \(\Omega\). Recall that \(g\in G(\Omega)\) if and only if \[ \int_{\Omega} f(g(x))\,dx = \int_{\Omega} f(x)\,dx \] for all \(f\in C_b(\Omega)\), the set of bounded continuous functions on \(\Omega\). Let \(\rho=X\# da\) denote the pushforward by \(X\) of the Lebesgue measure \(da\) on \(\Omega\). Then \((*)\) is equivalent to the absolute continuity of \(\rho\) with respect to Lebesgue measure, and \(\Phi\) satisfies the Monge-Ampère equation \[ \rho(\nabla\Phi)\det D^2\Phi(x) = 1 \] in the weak sense \[ \int_{\Omega} h(\nabla\Phi(y))\,dy = \int_{{\mathbb R}^d} h(x)\, d\rho(x) \quad\text{for all \(h\in C_b({\mathbb R}^d)\).} \] Furthermore, the Legendre transform \(\Psi\) of \(\Phi\), defined by \[ \Psi(y) = \sup_{x\in\Omega} \{ x.y-\Phi(x) \}, \] satisfies the Monge-Ampère equation \[ \det D^2\Psi(x) = \rho(x) \] in the weak sense that \[ \int_{{\mathbb R}^d} h(\nabla\Psi(x))\,d\rho(x) = \int_{\Omega} h(y)\,dy \quad\text{for all \( h\in C_b(\Omega)\). } \] Now suppose we have a family of mappings \(\{X(t,\cdot)\}_{t\in I}\) from \(\Omega\) into \({\mathbb R}^d\) (with \(\Omega\) now a bounded convex open set in \({\mathbb R}^d\)) for some open interval \(I\subset{\mathbb R}\), with each \(X(t,\cdot)\) satisfying \((*)\). Then for each \(t\in I\) there is a unique factorization \(X(t,\cdot)=\nabla\Phi(t,\cdot)\circ g(t,\cdot)\) as above. The author investigates the regularity of the curve \(t\mapsto(g(t,\cdot),\Phi(t,\cdot),\Psi(t,\cdot))\). Several results are proved. The first states that if \(\rho=X\# da\), \(X\) and \(\partial_t X\) are bounded in space and time, then \(\partial_t \nabla\Phi\) and \(\partial_t g\) are bounded as measures. A second result is that if \(\rho\) is close to \(1\) (or to a continuous positive function) in \(L^\infty\), then \(\partial_t\Phi\) belongs to \(C^\alpha\) for some \(\alpha>0\). Key tools used in the proofs are a local maximum principle for solutions of degenerate elliptic equations proved by \textit{M. K. V.~Murthy} and \textit{G.~Stampacchia} [Ann. Mat. Pura Appl. 80, 1--122 (1968; Zbl 0185.19201)] and \textit{N. S.~Trudinger} [Ann. Scuola Norm. Sup. Pisa 27, 265--308 (1973; Zbl 0279.35025)], and a Harnack inequality of \textit{L. A.~Caffarelli} and \textit{C. E.~Gutiérrez} [Am. J. Math. 119, 423--465 (1997; Zbl 0878.35039)] for solutions of the homogeneous linearized Monge-Ampère equation. The results have an immediate application to the semigeostrophic equations, a system used in meteorology to model the formation of fronts. Namely, they enable the velocity to be defined in physical space, a fact that was not known previously for weak solutions.

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