Maximal subgroups of the Coxeter group W(H₄) and quaternions.

DOI10.1016/J.LAA.2005.07.018MaRDI QIDQ2576233zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Mehmet Koca, Ramazan Koc, Muataz Al-Barwani, Shadia Al-Farsi

Publication date 27 December 2005

Published in Linear Algebra and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/hep-th/0510191

Coxeter groups icosahedral groups icosians maximal subgroups quaternions root systems

Maximal subgroups (20E28) Reflection and Coxeter groups (group-theoretic aspects) (20F55) Linear algebraic groups over the reals, the complexes, the quaternions (20G20)

Abstract: The largest finite subgroup of O(4) is the noncrystallographic Coxeter group

W (H_{4})

of order 14400. Its derived subgroup is the largest finite subgroup

W (H_{4}) / Z_{2}

of SO(4) of order 7200. Moreover, up to conjugacy, it has five non-normal maximal subgroups of orders 144, two 240, 400 and 576. Two groups

[W (H_{2}) i m e s W (H_{2})] i m e s Z_{4}

and

W (H_{3}) i m e s Z_{2}

possess noncrystallographic structures with orders 400 and 240 respectively. The groups of orders 144, 240 and 576 are the extensions of the Weyl groups of the root systems of

S U (3) i m e s S U (3)

%, SU(5) and SO(8) respectively. We represent the maximal subgroups of

% W (H_{4})

with sets of quaternion pairs acting on the quaternionic root systems.

Review text

In this paper a characterization is given of the non-normal maximal subgroups of the noncrystallographic Coxeter group \(W(H_4)\), which is the largest finite subgroup of \(O(4)\). Evidence is given (not a rigorous proof however) that, up to conjugacy, there are five such subgroups, with order 144, 240, 240, 400 and 576, respectively. The approach is based on an analysis of the root system of \(H_4\) represented in terms of icosians, which are the elements of the binary icosahedral group \(I\). An icosian is a quaternion of the form \(q=\alpha+\beta i+\gamma j+\delta k\) with \(\alpha,\beta,\gamma,\delta\) in \(\mathbb{Q}(\tau)\), the \(\tau\)-extension of the rational field with \(\tau\) the golden number. The binary icosahedral group is the double extension of the icosahedral group \(A_5\) and is accordingly of order 120. The maximal subgroups of \(W(H_4)\) are derived from the maximal subgroups of \(I\).

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