On vertices, focal curvatures and differential geometry of space curves

DOI10.1007/S00574-005-0040-4MaRDI QIDQ2583494zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Authors Ricardo Uribe-Vargas

Publication date 17 January 2006

Published in Bulletin of the Brazilian Mathematical Society. New Series (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0504132

zbMATH Keywords

singularitycausticvertexspace curvefocal curvatures

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Curves in Euclidean and related spaces (53A04) Lagrangian submanifolds; Maslov index (53D12) (n)-vertex theorems via direct methods (51L15)

Abstract: The {em focal curve} of an immersed smooth curve $gamma:smapstogamma(s)$, in Euclidean space $R^{m+1}$, consists of the centres of its osculating hyperspheres. The focal curve may be parametrised in terms of the Frenet frame of $gamma$ ($$), as $$, where the coefficients $c_1,\mathrm{...},c_{m-1}$ are smooth functions that we call the {em focal curvatures} of $gamma$. We discovered a remarkable formula relating the Euclidean curvatures $kapp{a}_i$, $i=1,\mathrm{...},m$, of $gamma$ with its focal curvatures. We show that the focal curvatures satisfy a system of Frenet equations (not vectorial, but scalar!). We use the properties of the focal curvatures in order to give, for $k=1,\mathrm{...},m$, necessary and sufficient conditions for the radius of the osculating $k$-dimensional sphere to be critical. We also give necessary and sufficient conditions for a point of $gamma$ to be a vertex. Finally, we show explicitly the relations of the Frenet frame and the Euclidean curvatures of $gamma$ with the Frenet frame and the Euclidean curvatures of its focal curve $C_{g}amma$.

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