A note on the Diophantine equation 2ⁿ-1(2ⁿ-1)=x^3+y^3+z^3

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Publication:2631753



Abstract: Motivated by the recent result of Farhi we show that for each nequivpm1pmod6 the title Diophantine equation has at least two solutions in integers. As a consequence, we get that each (even) perfect number is a sum of three cubes of integers. Moreover, we present some computational results concerning the considered equation and state some questions and conjectures.


It is no known if there is an odd perfect numbers but since Euclid we know that each even perfect number is of the form \(2^{p-1}(2^p-1)\) where \(p\) and \(2^p-1\) are primes. \par The author proves that if \(n\equiv 1\pmod 3\) or \(n\equiv 2\pmod 6\) then the equation \[ 2^{n-1}(2^n-1)=x^3+y^3+z^3 \] has at least one integer solution. If \(n\equiv \pm 1\pmod 6\) then this equation has at least two integer solutions. The result implies that any even perfect number can be written as a sum of three cubes. The author gives elegant elementary proofs. The paper is completed with numerical results, questions and conjectures.











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