Asymptotic properties of expansive Galton-Watson trees

DOI10.1214/19-EJP272MaRDI QIDQ2631840zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Romain Abraham, Jean-François Delmas

Publication date 16 May 2019

Published in Electronic Journal of Probability (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1712.04650, https://projecteuclid.org/euclid.ejp/1550826098

zbMATH Keywords

local limitsmartin boundaryconditioned Galton-Watson trees

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Strong limit theorems (60F15) Branching processes (Galton-Watson, birth-and-death, etc.) (60J80)

Abstract: We consider a super-critical Galton-Watson tree whose non-degenerate offspring distribution has finite mean. We consider the random trees $au$n distributed as $au$ conditioned on the n-th generation, Zn, to be of size an $in$ N. We identify the possible local limits of $au$n as n goes to infinity according to the growth rate of an. In the low regime, the local limit $au$ 0 is the Kesten tree, in the moderate regime the family of local limits, $au$ $heta$ for $heta$ $in$ (0, +$infty$), is distributed as $au$ conditionally on {W = $heta$}, where W is the (non-trivial) limit of the renormalization of Zn. In the high regime, we prove the local convergence towards $au$ $infty$ in the Harris case (finite support of the offspring distribution) and we give a conjecture for the possible limit when the offspring distribution has some exponential moments. When the offspring distribution has a fat tail, the problem is open. The proof relies on the strong ratio theorem for Galton-Watson processes. Those latter results are new in the low regime and high regime, and they can be used to complete the description of the (space-time) Martin boundary of Galton-Watson processes. Eventually, we consider the continuity in distribution of the local limits ($au$ $heta$ , $heta$ $in$ [0, $infty$]).

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Cited in

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• Martin boundaries and asymptotic behavior of branching random walks
• Penalization of Galton-Watson processes
• Galton-Watson trees with vanishing martingale limit
• Sub-exponential tail bounds for conditioned stable Bienaymé-Galton-Watson trees
• Very fat geometric Galton-Watson trees
• Length of Galton–Watson trees and blow-up of semilinear systems
• On the boundary at infinity for branching random walk
• Local convergence of critical random trees and continuous-state branching processes

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