Wigner's type theorem in terms of linear operators which send projections of a fixed rank to projections of other fixed rank

DOI10.1016/J.JMAA.2019.02.014MaRDI QIDQ2633697zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Mark Pankov

Publication date 10 May 2019

Published in Journal of Mathematical Analysis and Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1804.08156

zbMATH Keywords

finite rank projectionHilbert Grassmannianself-adjoint operator of finite rankWigner-type theorems

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Hilbert and pre-Hilbert spaces: geometry and topology (including spaces with semidefinite inner product) (46C05) General (adjoints, conjugates, products, inverses, domains, ranges, etc.) (47A05) Transformers, preservers (linear operators on spaces of linear operators) (47B49)

Abstract: Let $H$ be a complex Hilbert space whose dimension is not less than $3$ and let ${mathcalF}_s(H)$ be the real vector space formed by all self-adjoint operators of finite rank on $H$. For every non-zero natural $k<dimH$ we denote by ${mathcalP}_k(H)$ the set of all rank $k$ projections. Let $H^{\prime }$ be other complex Hilbert space of dimension not less than $3$ and let $L:{mathcalF}_s(H)o{mathcalF}_s(H^{\prime })$ be a linear operator such that $L({mathcalP}_k(H))subset{mathcalP}_m(H^{\prime })$ for some natural $k,m$ and the restriction of $L$ to ${mathcalP}_k(H)$ is injective. If $H=H^{\prime }$ and $k=m$, then $L$ is induced by a linear or conjugate-linear isometry of $H$ to itself, except the case $dimH=2k$ when there is another one possibility (we get a classical Wigner's theorem if $k=m=1$). If $dimHge2k$, then $klem$. The main result describes all linear operators $L$ satisfying the above conditions under the assumptions that $H$ is infinite-dimensional and for any $P,Qin{mathcalP}_k(H)$ the dimension of the intersection of the images of $L(P)$ and $L(Q)$ is not less than $m-k$.

Review text

Let $j=1,2$ and $H_j$ be complex Hilbert spaces of dimensions greater than or equal to $2$. For every nonzero positive integer $k<\dim H_j$, denote by $\mathcal{ P}_k(H_j)$ the set of all rank $k$ projections on $H_j$, and consider the real vector space $\mathcal{ F}_s(H_j)$ formed by all finite rank self-adjoint operators on $H_j$. Suppose that $L:\mathcal{ F}_s(H_1)\to\mathcal{ F}_s(H_2)$ is a linear operator such that $L(\mathcal{ P}_k(H_1))\subset\mathcal{ P}_m(H_2)$ for some $k,m\in\mathbb{ N}$ and the restriction of $L$ to $\mathcal{ P}_k(H_1)$ is injective. The main result of the paper says that, if $\dim H_1\ge 2k$, then $k\le m$. Further, all linear operators are determined which satisfy the above condition, under the assumption that $\dim H_1=\infty$ and, for any $P,Q\in\mathcal{ P}_k(H_1)$, the dimension of the intersection of the images of $L(P)$ and $L(Q)$ is not less than $m-k$.

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Cited in

(8)

• Surjective \(L^2\)-isometries on the projection lattice
• Wigner-type theorems for projections
• Generalising Wigner's theorem
• On maps sending rank-κ idempotents to idempotents
• A non-injective version of Wigner's theorem
• Linear preservers of rank k projections
• A note on linear preservers of rank-k projections
• On normed spaces with the Wigner property

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