Liouville theorems for scaling invariant superlinear parabolic problems with gradient structure

DOI10.1007/S00208-015-1219-7MaRDI QIDQ2634873zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Publication date 10 February 2016

Published in Mathematische Annalen (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1409.4960

gradient structure Liouville theorem scale invariance superlinear parabolic problem

Asymptotic behavior of solutions to PDEs (35B40) A priori estimates in context of PDEs (35B45) Initial value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K15) Initial-boundary value problems for second-order parabolic equations (35K20) Second-order parabolic systems (35K40) Nonlinear parabolic equations (35K55) Nonlinear initial, boundary and initial-boundary value problems for linear parabolic equations (35K60)

Abstract: We provide a simple method for obtaining new Liouville theorems for scaling invariant superlinear parabolic problems with gradient structure. To illustrate the method we prove Liouville theorems (guaranteeing nonexistence of positive classical solutions) for the following model problems: the scalar nonlinear heat equation

u_t-Delta u=u^p qquadhbox{in} {mathbb R}^n imes{mathbb R},

its vector-valued generalization with a

p

-homogeneous nonlinearity and the linear heat equation in

{m a t h b b R}_{+}^{n} i m e s m a t h b b R

complemented by nonlinear boundary conditions of the form

p a r t i a l u / p a r t i a l u = u^{q}

. Here

u

denotes the outer unit normal on the boundary of the halfspace

{m a t h b b R}_{+}^{n}

and the exponents

p, q > 1

satisfy

p < n / (n - 2)

and

q < (n - 1) / (n - 2)

if

n > 2

(or

p < (n + 2) / (n - 2)

and

q < n / (n - 2)

if

n > 2

and some symmetry of the solutions is assumed). As a typical application of our nonexistence results we provide optimal universal estimates for positive solutions of related problems in bounded and unbounded domains.

Review text

The author studies the properties of the real-valued solutions \(u\) of the equation \[ (*):\quad u_t(x,t)-\Delta u(x,t)=[u(x,t)]^p,\quad x\in \mathbb R^n,\;t\in \mathbb R,\text{ for } p>1,\quad n\geq 1. \] Especially, the author shows that \((*)\) does not have positive classical solutions whenever \((n-2)p<n\) (Theorem 1) and the proof is given by contradiction. Also, the author states an analogous result for the case of real vector-valued functions \(U\) satisfying \(U_t-\Delta U=F(U)\) such that \(F\) fulfills meaningful conditions (Theorems 3 and 4). Next, the author considers the nonlinear boundary problem \[ (**){}_{\mathbb R_+^n\times \mathbb R}:\quad u_t-\Delta u=0\text{ in }\mathbb R_+^n\times \mathbb R_+\text{ and } u_\nu=u^q\text{ on }\partial\mathbb R_+^n\times \mathbb R \] such that \(q>1\), \(u_\nu\) represents the directional derivative of \(u\) along the unit vector \(\nu=(-1,0,\ldots,0)\) and \(\partial\mathbb R_+^n:=\{(x_l)_{1\leq l\leq n}\in \mathbb R^n\text{ s.t. }x_1=0\}\). Consequently, the author shows that \((**)_{\mathbb R_+^n\times \mathbb R}\) does not have bounded positive classical solutions (Theorem 5 and 6). Then, by considering a smooth bounded set \(\Omega\) and \(T>0\), the author shows that a positive classical solution of \((**)_{\Omega\times (0,T)}\) satisfies the blow-up assessment of type one, i.e., \(u(x,t)(T-t)^{1/2(q-1)}+|\nabla u(x,t)|(T-t)^{q/2(q-1)}\leq C(u)\) for all \(x\) belonging to the closure of \(\Omega\) and \(t\in (2^{-1}T,T)\) such \(C(u)\) is a constant relying on \(u\) (Theorem 7).

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