Metric nonlinear connections

DOI10.1016/J.DIFGEO.2006.11.011MaRDI QIDQ2641707zbMATH OpenOpenAlexWikidataFDO

Publication date 23 August 2007

Published in Differential Geometry and its Applications (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/math/0412109

Lagrange space metric structure nonlinear connection semispray symplectic structure

Geometric methods in ordinary differential equations (34A26) Connections (general theory) (53C05) Global differential geometry of Finsler spaces and generalizations (areal metrics) (53C60)

Abstract: For a system of second order differential equations we determine a nonlinear connection that is compatible with a given generalized Lagrange metric. Using this nonlinear connection, we can find the whole family of metric nonlinear connections that can be associated with a system of SODE and a generalized Lagrange structure. For the particular case when the system of SODE and the metric structure are Lagrangian, we prove that the canonic nonlinear connection of the Lagrange space is the only nonlinear connection which is metric and compatible with the symplectic structure of the Lagrange space. The metric tensor of the Lagrange space determines the symmetric part of the nonlinear connection, while the symplectic structure of the Lagrange space determines the skew-symmetric part of the nonlinear connection.

Review text

Let \(M\) be a real \(n\)-dimensional \(C^\infty\) manifold, \((TM,\pi,M)\) its tangent bundle, \((U,\Phi)=(U;x^i)\) a local chart at \(p\in M\), and \(\pi^{-1}(U),\widetilde \Phi)=(\pi^{-1}(U);x^i,y^k)\) the induced local chart at \(U\in p^{-1}(p)\subset TM\). Metric structures, metric nonlinear connections, Lagrange space, semisprays, and the dynamical derivative are important for this work. Let \(S\) be a system of second-order differential equations, and \(g\) a generalized Lagrange metric. The author determines a metric nonlinear connection that corresponds to the pair \((S,g)\), and gives the whole family of metric nonlinear connections that correspond to the pair \((S,g)\). Consider a semispray \(S=y^i\frac{\partial}{\partial x^i}-2G^i(x,y)\frac{\partial}{\partial y^i}\), and Obata operators \(O^{ij}_{kl}= \frac 12(\delta^i_k\delta^i_l-g^{ij} g_{kl})\). The author gives the following Theorem 1: Let \(S\) be a semispray with local coefficients \(G^i\). There is a metric nonlinear connection \(N^c\), whose coefficients \(N_j^{c_i}\) are given by \(N^{ci}_j=\frac 12 g^{ik} S(g_{kj})+ O^{ik}_{sj}\frac{\partial G^s}{\partial y^k}\). This nonlinear connection \(N^c\) is not unique \((N^c\) depends on \(S\) and the generalized Lagrange metric). Consider a Lagrange space \(L^n=(M,L)\), where \(L\) is the fundamental function of \(L^n\). The semispray \(S\) determines a canonical nonlinear connection \(N(M^i_j=\frac {\partial G^i}{\partial y^j})\) [\textit{J. Grifone}, Ann. Inst. Fourier 22, No. 1, 287--334 (1972; Zbl 0219.53032), No. 3, 323--332 (1972; Zbl 0301.53020)]. Theorem 2: For a Lagrange space \(L^n\), the canonical nonlinear connection \(N\) is the unique nonlinear connection \(N\) that satisfies: (1) The horizontal subbundle \(NTM\) is a Lagrangean subbundle of \(TTM\), which means that \(\omega(hX,hY)=0\) \(\forall X,Y\in\chi(TM)\). (2) The metric tensor \(g_{ij}\) of the Lagrange space is covariant constant with respect to the dynamical derivative induced by \((S,N)\), which is equivariant to \(\nabla g=0\).

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