The Hahn-Banach theorem almost everywhere

Let \(G\) be an abelian group. A subset \({\mathcal I}\) of the power set of \(G\) is called a proper linearly invariant ideal (p.l.i.\ ideal) if it is closed under taking finite unions and subsets, if it is translation invariant and \(G\notin{\mathcal I}\). E.g., the Lebesgue sets of measure \(0\) in \(\mathbb R\) form an example. A property is said to hold \({\mathcal I}\) almost everywhere if it holds for all elements in the complement of an element of \({\mathcal I}\). The main theorem states: Let \((H,+)\) be a subgroup of the abelian group \((G,+)\) and \({\mathcal I}\) a p.l.i.\ ideal in \(G\) such that \(H\notin {\mathcal I}\). Let \(p:G\times G\to\mathbb R\) be a map such that there exists \(U\in {\mathcal I}\) such that, for every \(x\in G\setminus U\), there exists \(V_x\in{\mathcal I}\) such that \(p(x+y)\leq p(x)+p(y)\) holds for all \(y\in G\setminus V_x\). Let \(\alpha:H\to \mathbb R\) be an additive function which satisfies \(\alpha(x)\leq p(x)\) \({\mathcal I}\) a.e.\ on \(H\), then there exists an additive function \(A:G\to \mathbb R\) which coincides with \(\alpha\) on \(H\) \({\mathcal I}\) a.e.\ and which satisfies \(A(x)\leq p(x)\) \({\mathcal I}\) a.e.

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