Simultaneous indivisibility of class numbers of pairs of real quadratic fields

DOI10.1007/S11139-021-00456-1MaRDI QIDQ2673048zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors Jaitra Chattopadhyay, Anupam Saikia

Publication date 13 June 2022

Published in The Ramanujan Journal (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.01202

zbMATH Keywords

class numbersIwasawa \(\lambda \)-invariantquadratic number fields

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Quadratic extensions (11R11) Iwasawa theory (11R23) Class numbers, class groups, discriminants (11R29)

Abstract: For a square-free integer $t$, Byeon cite{byeon} proved the existence of infinitely many pairs of quadratic fields $mathbbQ(sqrtD)$ and $mathbbQ(sqrttD)$ with $D>0$ such that the class numbers of all of them are indivisible by $3$. In the same spirit, we prove that for a given integer $tgeq1$ with $tequiv0pmod4$, a positive proportion of fundamental discriminants $D>0$ exist for which the class numbers of both the real quadratic fields $mathbbQ(sqrtD)$ and $mathbbQ(sqrtD+t)$ are indivisible by $3$. This also addresses the complement of a weak form of a conjecture of Iizuka in cite{iizuka}. As an application of our main result, we obtain that for any integer $tgeq1$ with $tequiv0pmod12$, there are infinitely many pairs of real quadratic fields $mathbbQ(sqrtD)$ and $mathbbQ(sqrtD+t)$ such that the Iwasawa $lambda$-invariants associated with the basic $mathbb{Z}_3$-extensions of both $mathbbQ(sqrtD)$ and $mathbbQ(sqrtD+t)$ are $0$. For $p=3$, this supports Greenberg's conjecture which asserts that $lambd{a}_p(K)=0$ for any prime number $p$ and any totally real number field $K$.

Review text

Let \(D>0\) be a fundamental discriminant and let \(t\) be a square-free integer. In [\textit{D. Byeon}, Proc. Am. Math. Soc. 132, No. 11, 3137--3140 (2004; Zbl 1061.11054)] it is proved that there are infinitely many \(D\) with a positive density such that the class numbers of both the quadratic fields \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt D)\) and \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt {tD})\) are indivisible by 3. Following the method used to prove this result, the authors of the present paper prove that if \(t\) is any integer such that \(t\geq 1\) and \(t\equiv 0\pmod 4\), then there exist infinitely many \(D\) with positive density such that the class numbers of the quadratic fields \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt D)\) and \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{D+t})\) are indivisible by 3. The authors demonstrate that the analogous result for imaginary quadratic fields cannot be obtained by the same method. As an application of their result the authors show that if \(t\) is any integer such that \(t\geq 1\) and \(t\equiv 0\pmod {12}\), then there are infinitely many pairs of real quadratic fields \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt D)\) and \(\mathbb Q(\sqrt{D+t})\) such that the Iwasawa \(\lambda\)-invariant of these fields for the prime 3 has value 0. This supports the conjecture by R. Greenberg which states that if \(p\) is any prime and \(K\) is any totally real number field, then the Iwasawa \(\lambda\)-invariant of \(K\) for the prime \(p\) has value 0.

Recommendations

• Class numbers and Iwasawa invariants of quadratic fields
• A note on the Iwasawa \(\lambda\)-invariants of real quadratic fields
• Indivisibility of class numbers and Iwasawa -invariants of real quadratic fields
• On the Iwasawa \(\lambda\)-invariants of real quadratic fields
• Existence of an infinite family of pairs of quadratic fields \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m_1D})\) and \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m_2D})\) whose class numbers are both divisible by 3 or both indivisible by 3

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Cited in

(10)

• Class numbers and Iwasawa invariants of certain totally real number fields
• On the p-rationality of consecutive quadratic fields
• Indivisibility of class numbers and Iwasawa -invariants of real quadratic fields
• Existence of an infinite family of pairs of quadratic fields \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m_1D})\) and \(\mathbb{Q}(\sqrt{m_2D})\) whose class numbers are both divisible by 3 or both indivisible by 3
• Class numbers and Iwasawa invariants of quadratic fields
• Structure of 2-class groups in the \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-extensions of certain real quadratic fields
• On the p-ranks of the ideal class groups of imaginary quadratic fields
• A note on the simultaneous 3-divisibility of class numbers of tuples of real quadratic fields
• \(\mathbb{Z}_2\)-extension of real quadratic fields with \(\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}\) as 2-class group at each layer
• A collage of results on the divisibility and indivisibility of class numbers of quadratic fields

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