A class formula for L-series in positive characteristic
\textit{L. Taelman} [Ann. Math. (2) 175, No. 1, 369--391 (2012; Zbl 1323.11039)] associates, to a Drinfeld module \(\phi\) over the ring of integers \(R\) of a finite extension of \(K={\mathbb F}_q(\theta)\), a finite \(A:={\mathbb F}_q[\theta]\)-module, called the \textit{class module} \(H(\phi/R)\) and \(L\)-series value \(L(\phi/R)\). If \(\phi=C\) is the Carlitz module, \(L(C/A)=\zeta_A(1)\), where \[ \zeta_A(n)=\sum_{a\in A_+}\frac 1{a^n}\in K_{\infty}:={\mathbb F}_q((\theta^{-1})), \] where \(A_+\) denotes the set of monic polynomials in \(A\). \textit{F. Pellarin} [Ann. Math. (2) 176, No. 3, 2055--2093 (2012; Zbl 1336.11064)] introduced a new class of \(L\)-series, \[ L(\chi_{t_1},\ldots,\chi_{t_s}; n)=\sum_{a\in A_+}\frac{\chi_{t_1}(a)\cdots\chi_{t_s} (a)}{a^n}\in{\mathbb F}_q[t_1,\ldots,t_s]\otimes_{{\mathbb F}_q}K_{\infty}, \] where \(t_1,\ldots,t_s\) are indeterminates over \({\mathbb C}_{\infty}\) and \(\chi_{t_i} :A\to {\mathbb F}_q[t_1,\ldots,t_s]\) are defined by \(\chi_{t_i}(\theta)=t_i\). The goal of this paper is to prove that these series are naturally attached to some Anderson module and that a class formula links these series to a class module \textit{à la Taelman}. This is the content of Theorem 2.9. Let \(k_s:={\mathbb F}_q(t_1,\ldots,t_s)\), \(R_s:=k_s[\theta]\), \(K_s=k_s( \theta)\). For a finite extension \(L\) of \(K\), let \(R_{L,s}\) be the subring of \(L_s= L(t_1,\ldots,t_s)\) generated by \(k_s\) and \({\mathcal O}_L\), the integral closure of \(A\) in \(L\). For an \(R_s\)-module \(M\) which is a finite dimensional \(k_s\)-vector space, let \([M]_{R_s}\) be the monic generator of the Fitting ideal of \(M\). The main result is that if \(E\) is an Anderson module over \(R_{L,s}\), the infinite product \[ L(E/R_{L,s}):=\prod_{\mathfrak m}\frac{[{\mathrm{Lie}}(E)(R_{L,s}/{\mathfrak m R_{L,s})]_{ R_s}}}{[E(R_{L,s}/{{\mathfrak m}R_{L,s})]_{R_s}}}, \] where \({\mathfrak m}\) runs through the maximal ideals of \({\mathcal O}_L\), converges in \(K_{s,\infty}\). Furthermore, it is obtained that \[ L(E/R_{L,s})=[{\mathrm{Lie}}(E)(R_{L,s}):\exp_E^{-1}(E(R_{L,s}))]_{R_s} [H(E/R_{L,s})]_{R_s}. \] Here \({\mathrm{Lie}}(E)(B)\) is the tangent space that is the \(k_s\)-vector space \(B^n\) whose \(R_s\)-modules structure is given by a map \(\partial:R_s\to M_n(R_{L,s})\) and \(\exp_E\colon {\mathrm{Lie}}(L_{s,\infty})\to E(L_{s,\infty})\) is a certain \(R_s\)-linear map.
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