q-Whittaker functions, finite fields, and Jordan forms

MaRDI QIDQ2680937zbMATH OpenFDO

Authors Steven N. Karp, Hugh Thomas

Publication date 5 January 2023

Published in Séminaire Lotharingien de Combinatoire (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/2207.12590, https://www.mat.univie.ac.at/~slc/wpapers/FPSAC2021/57.html

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zbMATH Keywords

\(q\)-Whittaker functionBurge correspondencefinite fieldJordan formpartial flag varietypreprojective algebraRSK correspondencesocle filtration

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

(q)-calculus and related topics (05A30) Symmetric functions and generalizations (05E05) Grassmannians, Schubert varieties, flag manifolds (14M15) Incomplete beta and gamma functions (error functions, probability integral, Fresnel integrals) (33B20)

Abstract: The q-Whittaker function associated to an integer partition is a q-analogue of the Schur function, and is defined as the t=0 specialization of the Macdonald polynomial. We give a new formula for the q-Whittaker function in terms of partial flags compatible with a nilpotent endomorphism over the finite field of size 1/q, analogous to a well-known formula for the Hall-Littlewood functions. We show that considering pairs of partial flags and taking Jordan forms leads to a probabilistic bijection between nonnegative-integer matrices and pairs of semistandard tableaux of the same shape, proving the Cauchy identity for q-Whittaker functions. We call our probabilistic bijection the 'q-Burge correspondence', and show that in the limit as q goes to 0, we recover a description of the classical Burge correspondence (also known as column RSK) due to Rosso (2012). A key step in the proof is the enumeration of an arbitrary double coset of GL(n) modulo two parabolic subgroups, which we find to be of independent interest. As an application, we use the q-Burge correspondence to count isomorphism classes of certain modules over the preprojective algebra of a type A quiver (i.e. a path), refined according to their socle filtrations. This develops a connection between the combinatorics of symmetric functions and the representation theory of preprojective algebras.

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Cites work

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Cited in

(3)

• Whittaker Limits of Difference Spherical Functions
• Double coset Markov chains
• Symmetric functions and the explicit moment problem for abelian groups

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