On extensions of wavelet systems to dual pairs of frames

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Abstract: It is an open problem whether any pair of Bessel sequences with wavelet structure can be extended to a pair of dual frames by adding a pair of singly generated wavelet systems. We consider the particular case where the given wavelet systems are generated by the multiscale setup with trigonometric masks and provide a positive answer under extra assumptions. We also identify a number of conditions that are necessary for the extension to dual multiscale wavelet frames with any number of generators, and show that they imply that an extension with two pairs of wavelet systems is possible. Along the way we provide examples showing that extensions to dual frame pairs are attractive because they often allow better properties than the more popular extensions to tight frames.


Let \(\varphi\), \(\tilde{\varphi}\in L^2(\mathbb R)\) be refinable/scaling functions satisfying \(\hat{\varphi}(2\gamma)=m_0(\gamma)\hat{\varphi}(\gamma)\) and \(\hat{\tilde{\varphi}}(2\gamma)=\tilde{m}_0(\gamma)\hat{\tilde{\varphi}}(\gamma)\) for some 1-periodic trigonometric polynomials \(m_0\) and \(\tilde{m}_0\) with \(m_0(1/2)=\tilde{m}_0(1/2)=0\). Let \(m_\ell\) and \(\tilde{m_\ell}\), \(\ell=1,\ldots, n\) be 1-periodic trigonometric polynomials with \(m_\ell(0)=\tilde{m}_\ell(0)=0\). Define \(\hat{\psi}_\ell(\gamma):=m_\ell(\gamma/2)\hat{\varphi}(\gamma/2)\) and \(\hat{\tilde \psi}_\ell(\gamma):=\tilde{m}_\ell(\gamma/2)\hat{\tilde{\varphi}}(\gamma/2)\). The extensions of wavelet systems to dual pairs of wavelet frames can be formulated as follows: For given \(m_0,\tilde{m}_0\) and \(m_1,\tilde{m}_1\), one has a pair of Bessel sequences \((\{2^{j/2}\psi_1(2^j\cdot-k)\}_{j,k\in \mathbb Z}, \{2^{j/2}\tilde{\psi}_1(2^j\cdot-k)\}_{j,k\in \mathbb Z})\). The extension problem is whether there exist 1-periodic trigonometric polynomials \(m_2,\ldots, m_n, \tilde{m}_2,\ldots, \tilde{m}_n\), with the smallest possible integer \(n\), so that the pair \((\psi_1,\tilde{\psi}_1)\) can be extended into \((\{\psi_1,\ldots,\psi_n\},\{\tilde{\psi}_1,\ldots, \tilde{\psi}_n\})\), which generates a pair of dual wavelet frames. For \(n=2\), under the conditions (a)--(c) in Lemma 4, the authors show in Theorem 6 that this claim holds if and only if the identity \(\tilde{M}_\alpha(\gamma)\tilde{M}_\alpha(\gamma+1/2) =\tilde{M}_\beta(\gamma)\tilde{M}_\beta(\gamma+1/2)\) holds for all \(\gamma\in \mathbb T\), where \(\tilde{M}_\alpha(\gamma):=1-\overline{m_0(\gamma)}\tilde{m}_0(\gamma) -\overline{m_1(\gamma)}\tilde{m}_1(\gamma)\) and \(\tilde{M}_\beta(\gamma):=-\overline{m_0(\gamma)}\tilde{m}_0(\gamma+1/2) -\overline{m_1(\gamma)}\tilde{m}_1(\gamma+1/2)\). Several interesting examples are presented for the case \(n=2\). For \(n=3\), under the conditions (a)--(c) in Lemma 4, the authors prove in Theorem 11 that the claim is always possible.











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