Invariant affine connections on odd-dimensional spheres

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Abstract: A Riemann-Cartan manifold is a Riemannian manifold endowed with an affine connection which is compatible with the metric tensor. This affine connection is not necessarily torsion free. Under the assumption that the manifold is a homogeneous space, the notion of homogeneous Riemann-Cartan space is introduced in a natural way. For the case of the odd dimensional spheres mathbbS2n+1 viewed as homogeneous spaces of the special unitary groups, the classical Nomizu's Theorem on invariant connections has permitted to obtain an algebraical description of all the connections which turn the spheres mathbbS2n+1 into homogeneous Riemann-Cartan spaces. The expressions of such connections as covariant derivatives are given by means of several invariant tensors: the ones of the usual Sasakian structure of the sphere; an invariant 3-differential form coming from a 3-Sasakian structure on mathbbS7; and the involved ones in the almost contact metric structure of mathbbS5 provided by its natural embedding into the nearly K"ahler manifold mathbbS6. Furthermore, the invariant connections sharing geodesics with the Levi-Civita one have also been completely described. Finally, mathbbS3 and mathbbS7 are characterized as the unique odd-dimensional spheres which admit nontrivial invariant connections satisfying an Einstein-type equation.



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