The B-L phase transition. Implications for cosmology and neutrinos

DOI10.1007/978-3-319-00963-6MaRDI QIDQ2840458zbMATH OpenOpenAlexFDO

Authors K. Schmitz

Publication date 18 July 2013

Published in Springer Theses (Search for Journal in Brave)

Full work available at URL https://arxiv.org/abs/1307.3887

zbMATH Keywords

phase transitionsMajorana neutrinosrelativistic cosmologystring and superstring theoriesleptogenesis mechanism

Mathematics Subject Classification ID

Physics (00A79) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to quantum theory (81-02) String and superstring theories; other extended objects (e.g., branes) in quantum field theory (81T30) Gravitational interaction in quantum theory (81V17) Unified quantum theories (81V22) Other elementary particle theory in quantum theory (81V25) Phase transitions (general) in equilibrium statistical mechanics (82B26) Relativistic cosmology (83F05) Research exposition (monographs, survey articles) pertaining to relativity and gravitational theory (83-02)

Abstract: We investigate the possibility that the hot thermal phase of the early universe is ignited in consequence of the B-L phase transition, which represents the cosmological realization of the spontaneous breaking of the Abelian gauge symmetry associated with B-L, the difference between baryon number B and lepton number L. Prior to the B-L phase transition, the universe experiences a stage of hybrid inflation. Towards the end of inflation, the false vacuum of unbroken B-L decays, which entails tachyonic preheating as well as the production of cosmic strings. The dynamics of the B-L breaking Higgs field and the B-L gauge degrees of freedom, in combination with thermal processes, generate an abundance of heavy (s)neutrinos. These (s)neutrinos decay into radiation, thereby reheating the universe, generating the baryon asymmetry of the universe and setting the stage for the thermal production of gravitinos. We study the B-L phase transition in the full supersymmetric Abelian Higgs model, for which we derive and discuss the Lagrangian in arbitrary and unitary gauge. As for the subsequent reheating process, we formulate the complete set of Boltzmann equations, the solutions of which enable us to give a detailed and time-resolved description of reheating. Assuming the gravitino to be the lightest superparticle (LSP), the requirement of consistency between hybrid inflation, leptogenesis and gravitino dark matter implies relations between neutrino and superparticle masses, in particular a lower bound on the gravitino mass of 10 GeV. Similarly, in the case of very heavy gravitinos, the nonthermal production of pure wino or higgsino LSPs in heavy gravitino decays can account for the observed amount of dark matter, while simultaneously fulfilling the constraints imposed by primordial nucleosynthesis and leptogenesis.

Recommendations

• Spontaneous \(B-L\) breaking as the origin of the hot early universe
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Cited in

(5)

• Entropy, baryon asymmetry and dark matter from heavy neutrino decays
• Non-vanishing cosmological constant \(\Lambda\), phase transitions, and \(\Lambda\)-dependence of high energy processes
• Spontaneous \(B-L\) breaking as the origin of the hot early universe
• Gauged B−L unification and cosmology
• Perturbative reheating in Sneutrino-Higgs cosmology

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